Arcaro Alexandre
Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2015 Aug;95(2):154-64. doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.03.001. Epub 2015 Mar 12.
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for 15% of lung cancer cases and is associated with a dismal prognosis. Standard therapeutic regimens have been improved over the past decades, but without a major impact on patient survival. The development of targeted therapies based on a better understanding of the molecular basis of the disease is urgently needed. At the genetic level, SCLC appears very heterogenous, although somatic mutations targeting classical oncogenes and tumor suppressors have been reported. SCLC also possesses somatic mutations in many other cancer genes, including transcription factors, enzymes involved in chromatin modification, receptor tyrosine kinases and their downstream signaling components. Several avenues have been explored to develop targeted therapies for SCLC. So far, however, there has been limited success with these targeted approaches in clinical trials. Further progress in the optimization of targeted therapies for SCLC will require the development of more personalized approaches for the patients.
小细胞肺癌（SCLC）占肺癌病例的15%，且预后不佳。在过去几十年中，标准治疗方案已有改进，但对患者生存率并无重大影响。迫切需要在更好地理解该疾病分子基础的基础上开发靶向治疗方法。在基因水平上，尽管已报道了针对经典癌基因和肿瘤抑制基因的体细胞突变，但SCLC表现出很大的异质性。SCLC在许多其他癌症基因中也存在体细胞突变，包括转录因子、参与染色质修饰的酶、受体酪氨酸激酶及其下游信号成分。已经探索了多种途径来开发SCLC的靶向治疗方法。然而，到目前为止，这些靶向方法在临床试验中的成功有限。SCLC靶向治疗优化的进一步进展将需要为患者开发更个性化的方法。
