Center for Medical Education in English, Poznan University of Medical Sciences (PUMS), 61-701 Poznań, Poland.
Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences (PUMS), 60-355 Poznań, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Apr 8;22(8):3859. doi: 10.3390/ijms22083859.
Vaccines work by stimulating the immune system, and their immunogenicity is key in achieving protection against specific pathogens. Questions have been raised whether in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients they could induce disease exacerbation and whether vaccines could possibly act as a trigger in the onset of MS in susceptible populations. So far, no correlation has been found between the vaccinations against influenza, hepatitis B, tetanus, human papillomavirus, measles, mumps, rubella, varicella zoster, tuberculosis, yellow fever, or typhoid fever and the risk of MS. Further research is needed for the potential protective implications of the tetanus and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccines in MS patients. Nowadays with the emerging coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and recent vaccinations approval and arrival, the risk-benefit in MS patients with regards to safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccination in those treated with immunosuppressive therapies is of paramount importance. In this manuscript, we demonstrate how different vaccine types could be related to the immunopathogenesis of MS and discuss the risks and benefits of different vaccinations in MS patients.
疫苗通过刺激免疫系统发挥作用，其免疫原性是预防特定病原体感染的关键。有人质疑疫苗是否会在多发性硬化症（MS）患者中引发疾病恶化，以及疫苗是否会在易感人群中引发 MS 发病。到目前为止，针对流感、乙型肝炎、破伤风、人乳头瘤病毒、麻疹、腮腺炎、风疹、水痘带状疱疹、结核病、黄热病或伤寒的疫苗接种与 MS 风险之间没有相关性。需要进一步研究破伤风和卡介苗疫苗对 MS 患者的潜在保护作用。如今，随着新型冠状病毒病 2019（COVID-19）的出现，以及最近疫苗的批准和上市，对于接受免疫抑制治疗的 MS 患者，COVID-19 疫苗接种的安全性和有效性的风险-获益比至关重要。在本文中，我们展示了不同类型的疫苗如何与 MS 的免疫发病机制相关，并讨论了 MS 患者接种不同疫苗的风险和获益。
