Department of Coaching, College of Physical Education, Global Campus, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17014, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
Department of Kinesiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Louisiana at Monroe, 700 University Avenue, Monroe, LA 71209, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Apr 9;18(8):3939. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18083939.
This study examined the rate of injuries and chronic pain in collegiate water-ski athletes as a preliminary study. We also compared the mechanics and cause of injuries by the level of water-skiing experiences. A total number of 96 collegiate water-ski athletes, aged 21.4 ± 2.23 years, participated in the study. An off-line questionnaire was distributed at the collegiate tournaments in the United States. The questionnaire consisted of 20 questions, including demographic information, body region and type of injuries, mechanics and cause of injuries, chronic pain and pain management. A Chi-squared test was used to examine the differences in injury rates by sex and the level of experiences (beginner: <5 years, intermediate: 5-10 years, advanced: <10 years). The significance level was set at ≤0.05. A total of 336 water skiing-related injuries were observed from 96 participants. The ankle/feet, knee, and head/neck regions were the most common body regions injured, representing 26.5, 16.7, and 15.8%, respectively. Female athletes were more likely to have nerve injuries than male athletes ( = 0.039). The intermediate athletes were more likely to have trunk ( = 0.047) and upper extremity ( = 0.042) injuries than beginner athletes, and the beginner athletes had less joint/ligament ( = 0.001) and bone injury ( = 0.010) compared to the advanced athletes. Torsion/twisting (32.8%) and deceleration (26.9%) were the most common mechanism of injury. Beginner athletes experienced injuries more due to insufficient skill ( = 0.03), while the advanced athletes were likely to have more injuries by the loss of control ( = 0.01). Collegiate athletes had higher rates of chronic pain in the trunk (42.7%) and skeletal muscle (43.8%), and they participated in stretching/exercise (40.8%) and massage/form rolling (29.6%) to manage their chronic pain. The present study revealed that injury rates in males and females were 49.7% and 50.2%, respectively. Female athletes were more likely to have a nerve injury than male athletes. The mechanics and cause of injuries were different by the level of experiences where different training approaches may be required to minimize the injuries. Additionally, the strength and conditioning program that is systematically designed for core strength is needed to eliminate chronic trunk pain in collegiate water-skiing athletes.
本研究旨在初步调查大学生滑水运动员的受伤率和慢性疼痛情况。我们还通过滑水经验水平比较了受伤机制和原因。共有 96 名年龄在 21.4 ± 2.23 岁的大学生滑水运动员参与了这项研究。在美国的大学生巡回赛上发放了一份线下问卷。问卷包含 20 个问题，包括人口统计学信息、受伤部位和类型、受伤机制和原因、慢性疼痛和疼痛管理。通过卡方检验，我们比较了不同性别和经验水平（新手：<5 年，中级：5-10 年，高级：<10 年）的受伤率差异。显著性水平设为≤0.05。从 96 名参与者中观察到 336 例与滑水相关的受伤。脚踝/脚部、膝盖和头部/颈部是受伤最常见的部位，分别占 26.5%、16.7%和 15.8%。女性运动员比男性运动员更容易发生神经损伤（ = 0.039）。中级运动员比新手运动员更容易发生躯干（ = 0.047）和上肢（ = 0.042）损伤，而新手运动员比高级运动员更容易发生关节/韧带（ = 0.001）和骨骼损伤（ = 0.010）。扭转/扭曲（32.8%）和减速（26.9%）是最常见的受伤机制。新手运动员因技能不足而受伤的情况更多（ = 0.03），而高级运动员因失去控制而受伤的情况更多（ = 0.01）。大学生运动员躯干（42.7%）和骨骼肌（43.8%）慢性疼痛发生率较高，他们通过拉伸/运动（40.8%）和按摩/滚压（29.6%）来管理慢性疼痛。本研究表明，男性和女性的受伤率分别为 49.7%和 50.2%。女性运动员比男性运动员更容易发生神经损伤。受伤机制和原因因经验水平而异，可能需要不同的训练方法来减少受伤。此外，还需要为大学生滑水运动员设计系统的核心力量增强计划，以消除慢性躯干疼痛。
