Furness James, Hing Wayne, Walsh Joe, Abbott Allan, Sheppard Jeremy M, Climstein Mike
Water Based Research Unit, Bond Institute of Health & Sport, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
Water Based Research Unit, Bond Institute of Health & Sport, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
Am J Sports Med. 2015 May;43(5):1246-54. doi: 10.1177/0363546514567062. Epub 2015 Feb 2.
There are an estimated 37 million surfers worldwide, with 2.5 million recreational surfers in Australia. The recreational activity and sport of surfing has grown dramatically since the 1960s, but scientific research has been poorly mirrored in comparison with most other mainstream sports.
To identify the incidence, severity, location, type, and mechanism of acute injuries in recreational and competitive surfers over a 12-month period.
Descriptive epidemiology study.
An online survey using an open-source survey application was utilized. The survey consisted of 2 primary sections: Section 1 included demographic information and participation levels (age, height, weight, hours surfed, competitive level); section 2 incorporated injury type, mechanism, severity, and injury management.
A total of 1348 participants (91.3% males; 43.1% competitive surfers) were included in data analysis. A total of 512 acute injuries were classified as major, providing an incidence proportion of 0.38 (CI, 0.35-0.41) acute injuries per year. The incidence rate was calculated to be 1.79 (CI, 1.67-1.92) major injuries per 1000 hours of surfing. The shoulder, ankle, and head/face regions had the highest frequencies of acute injury, representing 16.4%, 14.6%, and 13.3%, respectively. Injuries were predominantly of muscular, joint, and skin origin, representing 30.3%, 27.7%, and 18.9%, respectively. Skin injuries were primarily a result of direct trauma, while joint and muscular injuries were mainly a result of maneuvers performed and repetitive actions. Key risk factors that increased the incidence of sustaining an acute injury included competitive status, hours surfed (>6.5 hours/week), and the ability to perform aerial maneuvers. The incidence proportion for surfers completing aerial maneuvers was calculated to be 0.48 (CI, 0.39-0.58) major injuries per year, this being the highest incidence proportion irrespective of competitive status.
This is the largest surfing-specific survey that included both recreational and competitive surfers conducted in Australia to date. The shoulder, ankle, head, and face were identified as the key regions where acute injuries occur in surfers. This research may aid in reducing the occurrence of injury through musculoskeletal screening in these key injury-prone regions and through the use of sport-specific strength training and conditioning.
全球估计有3700万冲浪者，其中澳大利亚有250万休闲冲浪者。自20世纪60年代以来，冲浪这项休闲活动和运动急剧发展，但与大多数其他主流运动相比，科学研究却相对较少。
确定休闲和竞技冲浪者在12个月期间急性损伤的发生率、严重程度、部位、类型和机制。
描述性流行病学研究。
使用开源调查应用程序进行在线调查。该调查包括2个主要部分：第1部分包括人口统计学信息和参与程度（年龄、身高、体重、冲浪时长、竞技水平）；第2部分包含损伤类型、机制、严重程度和损伤处理。
共有1348名参与者（91.3%为男性；43.1%为竞技冲浪者）纳入数据分析。共有512例急性损伤被归类为严重损伤，每年急性损伤的发生率为0.38（95%置信区间，0.35 - 0.41）。计算得出每1000小时冲浪的严重损伤发生率为1.79（95%置信区间，1.67 - 1.92）。肩部、脚踝和头部/面部区域急性损伤的发生率最高，分别占16.4%、14.6%和13.3%。损伤主要源于肌肉、关节和皮肤，分别占30.3%、27.7%和18.9%。皮肤损伤主要是直接创伤所致，而关节和肌肉损伤主要是由于所执行的动作和重复动作引起。增加急性损伤发生率的关键风险因素包括竞技状态、冲浪时长（>6.5小时/周）以及进行空中动作的能力。完成空中动作的冲浪者每年严重损伤的发生率计算为0.48（95%置信区间，0.39 - 0.58），这是无论竞技状态如何的最高发生率。
这是迄今为止在澳大利亚进行的最大规模的针对休闲和竞技冲浪者的特定冲浪调查。肩部、脚踝、头部和面部被确定为冲浪者急性损伤发生的关键部位。这项研究可能有助于通过对这些关键易伤部位进行肌肉骨骼筛查以及采用特定运动的力量训练和体能训练来减少损伤的发生。
