Benatti Fabio, Floreanini Roberto, Marzolino Ugo
Department of Physics, University of Trieste, 34151 Trieste, Italy.
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Trieste, 34151 Trieste, Italy.
Entropy (Basel). 2021 Apr 18;23(4):479. doi: 10.3390/e23040479.
We study the role of entanglement and non-locality in quantum protocols that make use of systems of identical particles. Unlike in the case of distinguishable particles, the notions of entanglement and non-locality for systems whose constituents cannot be distinguished and singly addressed are still debated. We clarify why the only approach that avoids incongruities and paradoxes is the one based on the second quantization formalism, whereby it is the entanglement of the modes that can be populated by the particles that really matters and not the particles themselves. Indeed, by means of a metrological and of a teleportation protocol, we show that inconsistencies arise in formulations that force entanglement and non-locality to be properties of the identical particles rather than of the modes they can occupy. The reason resides in the fact that orthogonal modes can always be addressed while identical particles cannot.
我们研究了纠缠和非定域性在利用全同粒子系统的量子协议中的作用。与可区分粒子的情况不同，对于其组成部分无法区分且不能单独寻址的系统，纠缠和非定域性的概念仍存在争议。我们阐明了为什么唯一能避免不一致性和悖论的方法是基于二次量子化形式主义的方法，据此真正重要的是粒子可以占据的模式的纠缠，而不是粒子本身。实际上，通过一个计量协议和一个量子隐形传态协议，我们表明，在那些将纠缠和非定域性强行视为全同粒子的属性而非它们所占据的模式的属性的表述中会出现不一致性。原因在于正交模式总是可以被寻址，而全同粒子却不能。
