Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Apr 15;18(8):4209. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18084209.
Firefighters have an elevated risk of cancer, which is suspected to be caused by occupational and environmental exposure to fire smoke. Among many substances from fire smoke contaminants, one potential source of toxic exposure is polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). The goal of this paper is to identify the association between PAH exposure levels and contributing risk factors to derive best estimates of the effects of exposure on structural firefighters' working environment in fire. We surveyed four databases (Embase, Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science) for this systematic literature review. Generic inverse variance method for random effects meta-analysis was applied for two exposure routes-dermal and inhalation. In dermal, the neck showed the highest dermal exposure increased after the fire activity. In inhalation, the meta-regression confirmed statistically significant increases in PAH concentrations for longer durations. We also summarized the scientific knowledge on occupational exposures to PAH in fire suppression activities. More research into uncontrolled emergency fires is needed with regard to newer chemical classes of fire smoke retardant and occupational exposure pathways. Evidence-based PAH exposure assessments are critical for determining exposure-dose relationships in large epidemiological studies of occupational risk factors.
消防员患癌症的风险较高，这被怀疑是由于职业和环境暴露于火灾烟雾所致。在火灾烟雾污染物的许多物质中，多环芳烃 (PAH) 是潜在的有毒物质暴露源之一。本文的目的是确定 PAH 暴露水平与促成危险因素之间的关联，以得出对暴露于火灾中结构消防员工作环境影响的最佳估计。我们为此系统文献综述调查了四个数据库（Embase、Medline、Scopus 和 Web of Science）。针对两种暴露途径——皮肤和吸入，应用了通用逆方差法进行随机效应荟萃分析。在皮肤中，颈部在火灾活动后显示出最高的皮肤暴露增加。在吸入中，荟萃回归证实了较长时间内 PAH 浓度的统计学显著增加。我们还总结了在消防抑制活动中职业接触 PAH 的科学知识。需要对新型化学类别的火灾烟雾抑制剂和职业暴露途径进行更多的无控制紧急火灾研究。基于证据的 PAH 暴露评估对于确定职业危险因素的大型流行病学研究中的暴露剂量关系至关重要。
