Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, 75004 Paris, France.
Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Etat Solide, UMR 7140 UDS-CNRS, University of Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Apr 12;22(8):3972. doi: 10.3390/ijms22083972.
A hyper-specialization characterizes modern medicine with the consequence of classifying the various diseases of the body into unrelated categories. Such a broad diversification of medicine goes in the opposite direction of physics, which eagerly looks for unification. We argue that unification should also apply to medicine. In accordance with the second principle of thermodynamics, the cell must release its entropy either in the form of heat (catabolism) or biomass (anabolism). There is a decreased flow of entropy outside the body due to an age-related reduction in mitochondrial entropy yield resulting in increased release of entropy in the form of biomass. This shift toward anabolism has been known in oncology as Warburg-effect. The shift toward anabolism has been reported in most diseases. This quest for a single framework is reinforced by the fact that inflammation (also called the immune response) is involved in nearly every disease. This strongly suggests that despite their apparent disparity, there is an underlying unity in the diseases. This also offers guidelines for the repurposing of old drugs.
高度专业化是现代医学的特点，其结果是将身体的各种疾病分为互不相关的类别。这种医学的广泛多样化与物理学形成鲜明对比，物理学急切地寻求统一。我们认为，统一也应该适用于医学。根据热力学第二定律，细胞必须以热（分解代谢）或生物量（合成代谢）的形式释放其熵。由于与年龄相关的线粒体熵产量减少，导致体外熵的流动减少，从而以生物量的形式释放更多的熵。这种向合成代谢的转变在肿瘤学中被称为沃伯格效应。这种向合成代谢的转变在大多数疾病中都有报道。炎症（也称为免疫反应）几乎涉及每种疾病，这一事实进一步加强了对单一框架的探索，这强烈表明，尽管这些疾病表面上存在差异，但它们在根本上是统一的。这也为旧药物的重新利用提供了指导。
