Department of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu 17, 50157 Kaunas, Lithuania.
Department of Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto 6, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Apr 23;18(9):4508. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18094508.
The present study expands the existing literature and supplements today's knowledge on the relationship between personal, psychosocial and lifestyle factors and depressive symptoms among adolescents. The study aimed to investigate the variety of depressive symptoms predictors-personal resources, adverse school and family, health, lifestyle-related (sense of coherence, self-esteem, school involvement, negative acts at school, family stress and violence, psychosomatic health complaints, physical activity, smoking, alcohol) as well as gender, employing hierarchical linear regression analysis in a large representative sample of adolescents ( = 2212) in Kaunas, Lithuania. Four blocks of predictors were employed in hierarchical linear regression analysis. In the final model 64.9% of depressive symptoms were explained by all the predictors. Sense of coherence was the strongest predictor of depressive symptoms (standardized regression coefficient β = -605, < 0.001 in the first model and β = -263, < 0.001 in the final model after adjustment for all other independent variables) and accounted for 36.6% of variance. In conclusion, this study supports the notion that depressive symptoms among adolescents have multifactorial origins with many predictors showing significant effect seizes. Therefore, high sense of coherence and self-esteem, school involvement, higher levels of physical activity would be protective and influence lower levels of depressive symptoms among adolescents. Exposure to negative acts at school and negative experiences in the family, psychosomatic health complaints, smoking would increase the probability of depressive symptoms. Girls are more prone to depression as compared to boys.
本研究扩展了现有文献，并补充了当今关于个人、心理社会和生活方式因素与青少年抑郁症状之间关系的知识。本研究旨在调查多种抑郁症状预测因素——个人资源、不良的学校和家庭环境、健康、与生活方式相关的因素（心理一致感、自尊、学校参与度、学校中的消极行为、家庭压力和暴力、身心健康问题、身体活动、吸烟、饮酒）以及性别，在立陶宛考纳斯的一个大型代表性青少年样本（n = 2212）中，采用分层线性回归分析来研究这些因素。在分层线性回归分析中，采用了四个预测因素块。在最终模型中，所有预测因素解释了 64.9%的抑郁症状。心理一致感是抑郁症状的最强预测因素（在第一个模型中的标准化回归系数 β = -605，p < 0.001，在最终模型中经过对所有其他独立变量的调整后为β = -263，p < 0.001），占方差的 36.6%。总之，本研究支持了这样一种观点，即青少年的抑郁症状具有多因素起源，许多预测因素具有显著的影响。因此，较高的心理一致感和自尊、学校参与度、较高水平的身体活动将具有保护作用，并会影响青少年的抑郁症状水平较低。在学校中遭受消极行为和在家庭中经历消极体验、身心健康问题、吸烟会增加抑郁症状的可能性。与男孩相比，女孩更容易抑郁。
