Deines Joshua R, Clark F Dustan, Yoho Doug E, Bramwell R Keith, Rochell Samuel J
Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
Jamesway Incubator Company Inc., Cambridge, ON N1R 7L3, Canada.
Animals (Basel). 2021 Apr 23;11(5):1228. doi: 10.3390/ani11051228.
The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of feed and water availability in hatching baskets on broiler performance, processing yield, and organ weights while considering the influence of hatch window. Cobb 500 eggs were transferred into illuminated hatchers with two hatching basket types [control (CTL) hatching baskets with no nutrients provided or baskets containing feed and water (FAW)]. Chicks were pulled sequentially to establish four hatch window periods (HWP): early, pre-peak, post-peak, or late. Chicks were then held for 4 h at the hatchery without nutrient access and subsequently reared in 26 floor pens designated as CTL (n = 13) or FAW (n = 13), with 13 chicks from each of the 4 HWP per pen (52 chicks per pen). At 43 d, 16 males from each pen were processed. Chicks from FAW baskets were 1 g heavier ( < 0.001) than those from CTL baskets at placement and were heavier through 28 d ( = 0.003) but similar ( > 0.05) in body weight (BW) for the remainder of the 42 d. No differences ( > 0.05) in feed conversion ratio, mortality, or processing data were observed between CTL and FAW groups. Early-hatching chicks were lighter ( < 0.001) than those from all other HWP at placement, but were only lighter ( < 0.001) than the post-peak group by 42 d. In summary, it was found that hatching basket nutrient access increased the BW of broilers during the first 4 wk of growth, with no other effects on performance or yield. Also, earlier-hatching chicks were generally able to compensate for a lighter placement BW.
本实验的目的是研究孵化篮中饲料和饮水供应对肉鸡生产性能、屠宰率及器官重量的影响，同时考虑孵化窗口的影响。将科宝500枚种蛋转移至光照孵化器中，孵化器中有两种类型的孵化篮[不提供营养物质的对照（CTL）孵化篮或装有饲料和饮水的孵化篮（FAW）]。雏鸡按顺序出雏，以确定4个孵化窗口期（HWP）：早期、高峰期前、高峰期后或晚期。然后雏鸡在孵化场中停留4小时，期间不提供营养物质，随后在26个地面饲养栏中饲养，分为CTL组（n = 13）或FAW组（n = 13），每个饲养栏中有来自4个HWP的各13只雏鸡（每个饲养栏52只雏鸡）。在43日龄时，对每个饲养栏中的16只雄性肉鸡进行屠宰。FAW孵化篮中的雏鸡在入舍时比CTL孵化篮中的雏鸡重1克（P<0.001），并且在28日龄前体重一直较重（P = 0.003），但在42日龄剩余时间内体重相似（P>0.05）。CTL组和FAW组之间在饲料转化率、死亡率或屠宰数据方面未观察到差异（P>0.05）。早期出雏的雏鸡在入舍时比所有其他HWP的雏鸡轻（P<0.001），但到42日龄时仅比高峰期后出雏的组轻（P<0.001）。总之，研究发现孵化篮中提供营养物质可增加肉鸡生长前4周的体重，对生产性能或屠宰率无其他影响。此外，早期出雏的雏鸡通常能够弥补入舍时较轻的体重。
