Liu Qiang, Xu Hongwei, Yi Haijie
College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui 741000, China.
State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Apr 20;18(8):4341. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18084341.
Fertilization can significantly affect the quality of crop and soil. To determine the effects of long-term fertilization on crop yield and carbon:nitrogen:phosphorus (C:N:P) stoichiometry in soil, a study was conducted on the terraced fields of the Loess Plateau from 2007 to 2019. Nine fertilization treatments were included: no fertilizer; organic fertilizer (O); organic and nitrogen fertilizers (ON); organic, nitrogen, and phosphorus fertilizers (ONP); organic and phosphorus fertilizers (OP); phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizers; potash and nitrogen fertilizers; potash, nitrogen, and phosphorus fertilizers; and potash and phosphorus fertilizers. Under these treatments except for CK and PK, crop yields initially decreased but later increased. The nutrient content and C:N:P stoichiometry increased in soil depth of 0-20 cm. The soil available nutrients did not change significantly with the duration of fertilization. The O, ON, ONP, and OP had the most evident effect on the enhancement of soil nutrient content, whereas O and ON had the most evident effect on the increase in soil organic carbon (SOC):total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN):TP. In soil depth of 0-20 cm, crop yield, SOC:TN, SOC:TN, SOC:TP, and TN:TP significantly correlated with soil nutrients. This study indicated that long-term fertilization can effectively improve crop yield, soil fertility, and soil C:N:P stoichiometry. Meanwhile, the single application of an organic fertilizer or the combination of organic and nitrogen fertilizers can improve the condition of nitrogen limitation in arid and semi-arid areas.
施肥对作物品质和土壤有显著影响。为了确定长期施肥对黄土高原梯田作物产量和土壤碳氮磷（C:N:P）化学计量比的影响，于2007年至2019年在黄土高原梯田开展了一项研究。包括9种施肥处理：不施肥；有机肥（O）；有机氮肥（ON）；有机氮磷肥（ONP）；有机磷肥（OP）；氮磷肥；钾氮肥；钾氮磷肥；钾磷肥。在除CK和PK之外的这些处理下，作物产量起初下降但随后上升。0至20厘米土层的养分含量和C:N:P化学计量比增加。土壤有效养分并未随施肥时长发生显著变化。O、ON、ONP和OP对提高土壤养分含量的作用最为明显，而O和ON对土壤有机碳（SOC）:总磷（TP）和全氮（TN）:TP的增加作用最为明显。在0至20厘米土层，作物产量、SOC:TN、SOC:TP和TN:TP与土壤养分显著相关。本研究表明，长期施肥可有效提高作物产量、土壤肥力和土壤C:N:P化学计量比。同时，单施有机肥或有机氮肥配施可改善干旱和半干旱地区的氮素限制状况。
