Proc Kinga, Bulak Piotr, Kaczor Monika, Bieganowski Andrzej
Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland.
Biology (Basel). 2021 Apr 20;10(4):345. doi: 10.3390/biology10040345.
Bioaccumulation, expressed as the bioaccumulation factor (BAF), is a phenomenon widely investigated in the natural environment and at laboratory scale. However, the BAF is more suitable for ecological studies, while in small-scale experiments it has limitations, which are discussed in this article. We propose a new indicator, the bioaccumulation index (BAI). The BAI takes into account the initial load of test elements, which are added to the experimental system together with the biomass of the organism. This offers the opportunity to explore the phenomena related to the bioaccumulation and, contrary to the BAF, can also reveal the dilution of element concentration in the organism. The BAF can overestimate bioaccumulation, and in an extremal situation, when the dilution of element concentration during organism growth occurs, the BAF may produce completely opposite results to the BAI. In one of the examples presented in this work (Tschirner and Simon, 2015), the concentration of phosphorous in fly larvae was lower after the experiment than in the younger larvae before the experiment. Because the phosphorous concentration in the feed was low, the BAF indicated a high bioaccumulation of this element (BAF = 14.85). In contrast, the BAI showed element dilution, which is a more realistic situation (BAI = -0.32). By taking more data into account, the BAI seems to be more valid in determining bioaccumulation, especially in the context of entomoremediation research.
生物累积以生物累积因子（BAF）表示，是一种在自然环境和实验室规模中广泛研究的现象。然而，BAF更适用于生态研究，而在小规模实验中它存在局限性，本文将对此进行讨论。我们提出了一种新的指标，即生物累积指数（BAI）。BAI考虑了测试元素的初始负荷，这些元素与生物体的生物量一起添加到实验系统中。这为探索与生物累积相关的现象提供了机会，并且与BAF不同，它还可以揭示生物体中元素浓度的稀释情况。BAF可能会高估生物累积，在极端情况下，当生物体生长过程中元素浓度发生稀释时，BAF可能会产生与BAI完全相反的结果。在本研究中给出的一个例子（Tschirner和Simon，2015）中，实验后蝇幼虫体内磷的浓度低于实验前较年幼幼虫体内的磷浓度。由于饲料中磷的浓度较低，BAF表明该元素具有较高的生物累积（BAF = 14.85）。相比之下，BAI显示出元素稀释，这是一种更现实的情况（BAI = -0.32）。通过考虑更多数据，BAI在确定生物累积方面似乎更有效，特别是在昆虫修复研究的背景下。
