National Centre on Addiction and Doping, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, V.Le Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Drug Addiction Program, Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Addicions, Institut Hopsital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (INAD-IMIM), Parc de Salut Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Apr 13;22(8):4000. doi: 10.3390/ijms22084000.
The use of the new psychoactive substances is continuously growing and the implementation of accurate and sensible analysis in biological matrices of users is relevant and fundamental for clinical and forensic purposes. Two different analytical technologies, high-sensitivity gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) were used for a screening analysis of classic drugs and new psychoactive substances and their metabolites in urine of formed heroin addicts under methadone maintenance therapy. Sample preparation involved a liquid-liquid extraction. The UHPLC-HRMS method included Accucore™ phenyl Hexyl (100 × 2.1 mm, 2.6 μm, Thermo, USA) column with a gradient mobile phase consisting of mobile phase A (ammonium formate 2 mM in water, 0.1% formic acid) and mobile phase B (ammonium formate 2 mM in methanol/acetonitrile 50:50 (/), 0.1% formic acid) and a full-scan data-dependent MS2 (ddMS2) mode for substances identification (mass range 100-1000 /). The GC-MS method employed an ultra-Inert Intuvo GC column (HP-5MS UI, 30 m, 250 µm i.d, film thickness 0.25 µm; Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA) and electron-impact (EI) mass spectra were recorded in total ion monitoring mode (scan range 40-550 /). Urine samples from 296 patients with a history of opioid use disorder were examined. Around 80 different psychoactive substances and/or metabolites were identified, being methadone and metabolites the most prevalent ones. The possibility to screen for a huge number of psychotropic substances can be useful in suspected drug related fatalities or acute intoxication/exposure occurring in emergency departments and drug addiction services.
新精神活性物质的使用不断增加，因此在接受美沙酮维持治疗的海洛因成瘾者尿液中对经典药物和新精神活性物质及其代谢物进行准确和合理的分析，对于临床和法医目的至关重要。本研究采用高灵敏度气相色谱-质谱联用技术（GC-MS）和超高效液相色谱-高分辨质谱联用技术（UHPLC-HRMS）对两种不同的分析技术对经典药物和新精神活性物质及其代谢物进行了筛选分析。样品制备涉及液-液萃取。UHPLC-HRMS 方法采用 Accucore™苯基己基（100×2.1mm，2.6μm，Thermo，USA）色谱柱，流动相 A 为含有 2mM 甲酸铵的水（0.1%甲酸），流动相 B 为甲醇/乙腈 50:50（/）中含有 2mM 甲酸铵（0.1%甲酸），并采用全扫描数据依赖 MS2（ddMS2）模式进行物质鉴定（质量范围 100-1000 /）。GC-MS 方法采用 ultra-Inert Intuvo GC 柱（HP-5MS UI，30m，250μm i.d，膜厚 0.25μm；Agilent Technologies，Santa Clara，CA，USA），并以总离子监测模式（扫描范围 40-550 /）记录电子轰击（EI）质谱。对 296 名有阿片类药物使用障碍史的患者的尿液样本进行了检查。鉴定出约 80 种不同的精神活性物质和/或代谢物，其中美沙酮及其代谢物最为常见。这种能够对大量精神药物进行筛选的方法，在疑似与药物相关的死亡或发生在急诊室和药物滥用服务中的急性中毒/暴露事件中可能非常有用。
