Specka Michael, Kuhlmann Thomas, Bonnet Udo, Sawazki Jürgen, Schaaf Luzia, Kühnhold Stefan, Steinert Renate, Grigoleit Torsten, Eich Helmut, Zeiske Benita, Niedersteberg Antje, Steiner Katharina, Schifano Fabrizio, Scherbaum Norbert
Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, LVR Hospital Essen, Medical Faculty, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
Psychosomatic Hospital Bergisch Gladbach, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany.
Front Psychiatry. 2022 Jun 1;13:868346. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.868346. eCollection 2022.
Over the last decade, the use of New/Novel Synthetic Opioids (NSO) has emerged as an increasing problem, and especially so in the USA. However, only little is known about the prevalence and history of NSO use in European heroin dependents.
A cross-sectional multicenter study, carried out with the means of both standardized interviews and urine toxicology enhanced screening, in a sample of opioid addicted patients referred for an in-patient detoxification treatment.
Sample size included here = 256 patients; prior to admission, 63.7% were prescribed with an opioid maintenance treatment. Lifetime use of heroin and opioid analgesics was reported by 99.2 and 30.4%, respectively. Lifetime NSO/fentanyl use was reported by 8.7% ( = 22); a regular use was reported by 1.6% ( = 4), and ingestion over the 30 days prior to admission by 0.8% ( = 2). Most typically, patients had started with a regular consumption of heroin, followed by maintenance opioids; opioid analgesics; and by NSO. Self-reported data were corroborated by the toxicology screenings carried out; no evidence was here identified for the presence of heroin being contaminated by fentanyl/derivatives.
NSO and also opioid analgesics did not play a relevant role in the development and the course of opioid/opioid use disorders in German patients referred for an inpatient detoxification treatment.
在过去十年中，新型合成阿片类药物（NSO）的使用已成为一个日益严重的问题，在美国尤其如此。然而，对于欧洲海洛因依赖者中NSO的使用流行情况和历史，人们知之甚少。
一项横断面多中心研究，通过标准化访谈和尿液毒理学强化筛查，对一组因住院戒毒治疗而转诊的阿片类药物成瘾患者进行研究。
本研究样本量为256名患者；入院前，63.7%的患者接受了阿片类药物维持治疗。分别有99.2%和30.4%的患者报告有海洛因和阿片类镇痛药的终生使用史。有8.7%（=22）的患者报告有NSO/芬太尼的终生使用史；1.6%（=4）的患者报告有规律使用情况，0.8%（=2）的患者报告在入院前30天内有摄入情况。最常见的情况是，患者开始时经常吸食海洛因，随后使用维持性阿片类药物、阿片类镇痛药，最后使用NSO。自我报告的数据得到了毒理学筛查的证实；未发现有证据表明海洛因被芬太尼/衍生物污染。
在因住院戒毒治疗而转诊的德国患者中，NSO以及阿片类镇痛药在阿片类药物/阿片类药物使用障碍的发展和病程中并未发挥相关作用。
