Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Sperimentali, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
Sardinia Longevity Blue Zone Observatory, 08040 Ogliastra, Italy.
Nutrients. 2021 Apr 28;13(5):1495. doi: 10.3390/nu13051495.
Health and longevity in humans are influenced by numerous factors, including lifestyle and nutrition. However, the direct relationship between lifetime eating habits and functional capacity of the elderly is poorly understood. This study investigated the dietary changes across nutrition transition (NT) in the early 1960s, in a population located in the Sardinia island known for its longevity, dubbed as "Longevity Blue Zone" (LBZ), as well as the relationship between the dietary patterns and a panel of health indicators. A total of 150 oldest-old participants (89 women and 61 men, age range 90-101 years) living in the LBZ were recruited. Participants were interviewed using validated questionnaires to assess the consumption frequency of common food items, as well as the correlation with self-rated health, comorbidity, affective and cognitive level, physical mobility, disability and anthropometric parameters. Differences between subgroups were evaluated using the Mann-Whitney test for independent samples or the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for paired samples. Correlation analysis was performed by calculating the Spearman correlation coefficient, separately in males and females. Compared to the pre-NT epoch, the consumption of meat, olive oil and fresh fruit slightly increased, while the consumption of lard, legumes and vegetables decreased. A significant association was found between increased olive oil intake across NT and self-rated health (ρ = 0.519), mobility (ρ = 0.502), improved vision (ρ = -0.227) and hearing (ρ = -0.314); increased chicken meat intake and performance in activities of daily living (basic activities of daily living: ρ = 0.351; instrumental activities of daily living: ρ = 0.333). Instead, vegetable consumption showed low correlation with health indicators. A mild increase in meat intake, mostly pastured poultry, is associated with better physical performance in the Sardinian LBZ elders, suggesting that a supply of protein may have been crucial to maintaining adequate functional capacity.
人类的健康和长寿受到许多因素的影响，包括生活方式和营养。然而，终生饮食习惯与老年人身体功能之间的直接关系还了解甚少。本研究调查了在营养转型（NT）早期，在以长寿而闻名的撒丁岛（Sardinia island）的一个人群中，饮食的变化情况，该人群被称为“长寿蓝区”（LBZ），以及饮食模式与一系列健康指标之间的关系。共招募了 150 名居住在 LBZ 的最年长参与者（89 名女性和 61 名男性，年龄范围为 90-101 岁）。使用经过验证的问卷对参与者进行访谈，以评估常见食物的消费频率，以及与自我评估的健康状况、合并症、情感和认知水平、身体活动能力、残疾和人体测量参数的相关性。使用独立样本的曼-惠特尼检验或配对样本的 Wilcoxon 符号秩检验评估亚组之间的差异。分别在男性和女性中进行相关性分析，计算 Spearman 相关系数。与 NT 前时期相比，肉类、橄榄油和新鲜水果的消耗量略有增加，而猪油、豆类和蔬菜的消耗量减少。发现橄榄油摄入量随 NT 增加与自我评估的健康状况（ρ=0.519）、活动能力（ρ=0.502）、视力改善（ρ=-0.227）和听力改善（ρ=-0.314）之间存在显著关联；鸡肉摄入量增加与日常生活活动（基本日常生活活动：ρ=0.351；工具性日常生活活动：ρ=0.333）的表现之间存在显著关联。相反，蔬菜的摄入量与健康指标相关性较低。在撒丁岛 LBZ 老年人中，肉类摄入量适度增加，主要是放牧家禽，与身体表现更好相关，这表明蛋白质的供应可能对维持足够的身体功能能力至关重要。
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