Socol Marcela, Preda Nicoleta
National Institute of Materials Physics, 405A Atomistilor Street, P.O. Box MG-7, 077125 Magurele, Romania.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2021 Apr 26;11(5):1117. doi: 10.3390/nano11051117.
Continuing growth in global energy consumption and the growing concerns regarding climate change and environmental pollution are the strongest drivers of renewable energy deployment. Solar energy is the most abundant and cleanest renewable energy source available. Nowadays, photovoltaic technologies can be regarded as viable pathways to provide sustainable energy generation, the achievement attained in designing nanomaterials with tunable properties and the progress made in the production processes having a major impact in their development. Solar cells involving hybrid nanocomposite layers have, lately, received extensive research attention due to the possibility to combine the advantages derived from the properties of both components: flexibility and processability from the organic part and stability and optoelectronics features from the inorganic part. Thus, this review provides a synopsis on hybrid solar cells developed in the last decade which involve composite layers deposited by spin-coating, the most used deposition method, and matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation, a relatively new deposition technique. The overview is focused on the hybrid nanocomposite films that can use conducting polymers and metal phthalocyanines as -type materials, fullerene derivatives and non-fullerene compounds as -type materials, and semiconductor nanostructures based on metal oxide, chalcogenides, and silicon. A survey regarding the influence of various factors on the hybrid solar cell efficiency is given in order to identify new strategies for enhancing the device performance in the upcoming years.
全球能源消耗的持续增长以及对气候变化和环境污染的日益关注是可再生能源部署的最强劲驱动力。太阳能是现有的最丰富、最清洁的可再生能源。如今，光伏技术可被视为实现可持续能源发电的可行途径，在设计具有可调谐特性的纳米材料方面取得的成就以及生产工艺的进步对其发展产生了重大影响。涉及混合纳米复合层的太阳能电池最近受到了广泛的研究关注，因为有可能结合两种成分特性带来的优势：有机部分的柔韧性和可加工性以及无机部分的稳定性和光电特性。因此，本综述概述了过去十年中开发的混合太阳能电池，这些电池涉及通过旋涂（最常用的沉积方法）和基质辅助脉冲激光蒸发（一种相对较新的沉积技术）沉积的复合层。综述重点关注了可以使用导电聚合物和金属酞菁作为p型材料、富勒烯衍生物和非富勒烯化合物作为n型材料以及基于金属氧化物、硫族化物和硅的半导体纳米结构的混合纳米复合薄膜。给出了关于各种因素对混合太阳能电池效率影响的调查，以便确定在未来几年提高器件性能的新策略。
