Madhushani Umesha, Thakshila Prabhani, Hodgson Wayne C, Isbister Geoffrey K, Silva Anjana
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura 50008, Sri Lanka.
Monash Venom Group, Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia.
Toxins (Basel). 2021 Apr 26;13(5):308. doi: 10.3390/toxins13050308.
Bites by many Asiatic and African cobras (Genus: ) cause severe local dermonecrosis and myonecrosis, resulting in permanent disabilities. We studied the time scale in which two Indian polyvalent antivenoms, VINS and Bharat, remain capable of preventing or reversing in vitro myotoxicity induced by common cobra () venom from Sri Lanka using the chick biventer cervicis nerve-muscle preparation. VINS fully prevented while Bharat partially prevented (both in manufacturer recommended concentrations) the myotoxicity induced by venom (10 µg/mL) when added to the organ baths before the venom. However, both antivenoms were unable to reverse the myotoxicity when added to organ baths 5 and 20 min post-venom. In contrast, physical removal of the venom from the organ baths by washing the preparation 5 and 20 min after the venom resulted in full and partial prevention of the myotoxicity, respectively, indicating the lag period for irreversible cellular injury. This suggests that, although the antivenoms contain antibodies against cytotoxins of the Sri Lankan venom, they are either unable to reach the target sites as efficiently as the cytotoxins, unable to bind efficiently with the toxins at the target sites, or the binding with the toxins simply fails to prevent the toxin-target interactions.
许多亚洲和非洲眼镜蛇（属：）的咬伤会导致严重的局部皮肤坏死和肌肉坏死，从而造成永久性残疾。我们使用鸡颈二腹肌神经-肌肉标本，研究了两种印度多价抗蛇毒血清（VINS和巴拉特）在多长时间内仍能够预防或逆转由来自斯里兰卡的普通眼镜蛇（）毒液诱导的体外肌毒性。当在毒液加入器官浴之前添加时，VINS能完全预防而巴拉特能部分预防（均为制造商推荐浓度）由毒液（10 µg/mL）诱导的肌毒性。然而，当在毒液加入后5分钟和20分钟添加到器官浴中时，两种抗蛇毒血清均无法逆转肌毒性。相比之下，在毒液加入后5分钟和20分钟通过冲洗标本从器官浴中物理去除毒液，分别导致肌毒性得到完全和部分预防，这表明了不可逆细胞损伤的延迟期。这表明，尽管抗蛇毒血清含有针对斯里兰卡毒液细胞毒素的抗体，但它们要么无法像细胞毒素那样有效地到达靶位点，要么无法在靶位点与毒素有效结合，要么与毒素的结合根本无法阻止毒素与靶标的相互作用。
