Department of Urban Planning, Luskin School of Public Affairs, University of California, Los Angeles, 3250 Public Affairs Building, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, 650 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Public Health Nutr. 2021 Aug;24(11):3442-3450. doi: 10.1017/S1368980021001889. Epub 2021 Apr 30.
To evaluate regional differences in factors associated with food insufficiency during the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic among three major metropolitan regions in California, a state with historically low participation rates in the Supplementation Nutrition Assistance Program, the nation's largest food assistance programme.
Analysis of cross-sectional data from phase 1 (23 April-21 July 2020) of the US Census Household Pulse Survey, a weekly national online survey.
California, and three Californian metropolitan statistical areas (MSA), including San Francisco-Oakland-Berkeley, Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim and Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA.
Adults aged 18 years and older living in households.
Among the three metropolitan areas, food insufficiency rates were lowest in the San Francisco-Oakland-Berkeley MSA. Measures of disadvantage (e.g., having low-income, being unemployed, recent loss of employment income and pre-pandemic food insufficiency) were widely associated with household food insufficiency. However, disadvantaged households in the San Francisco Bay Area, the area with the lowest poverty and unemployment rates, were more likely to be food insufficient compared with those in the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim and Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA.
Food insufficiency risk among disadvantaged households differed by region. To be effective, governmental response to food insufficiency must address the varied local circumstances that contribute to these disparities.
评估在加利福尼亚州三个主要大都市区，在 COVID-19 大流行最初几个月期间与食物不足相关的因素的区域差异，加利福尼亚州是全国最大的食品援助计划——补充营养援助计划参与率历来较低的州。
对美国人口普查家庭脉搏调查第一阶段（2020 年 4 月 23 日至 7 月 21 日）的横断面数据进行分析，这是一项每周全国在线调查。
加利福尼亚州和加利福尼亚州的三个大都市统计区（MSA），包括旧金山-奥克兰-伯克利、洛杉矶-长滩-阿纳海姆和河滨-圣贝纳迪诺-安大略 MSA。
居住在家庭中的 18 岁及以上的成年人。
在这三个大都市区中，食物不足率最低的是旧金山-奥克兰-伯克利 MSA。不利措施（例如，收入低、失业、最近失业收入和大流行前食物不足）与家庭食物不足广泛相关。然而，与洛杉矶-长滩-阿纳海姆和河滨-圣贝纳迪诺-安大略 MSA 相比，旧金山湾区（贫困率和失业率最低的地区）的弱势家庭更有可能食物不足。
弱势家庭的食物不足风险因地区而异。为了有效，政府对食物不足的反应必须解决导致这些差异的各种当地情况。
