Nutrition Unit and Specialized Centre for Obesity of the Limousin territory, University Hospital, Limoges, France.
Inserm U1094, Limoges University, IRD, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Epidemiology and Neurology Tropical Institute, GEIST, Limoges, France.
PLoS One. 2021 Apr 30;16(4):e0250595. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250595. eCollection 2021.
Aging is accompanied by a drop in the level of health and autonomy, within Western countries more and more people being cared for in nursing homes (NH). The nutritional data in NH in France remain poor, not exhaustive and not representative. The objective of the study was to assess the nutritional status, dementia and mobility patterns among residents of NH in the Limousin territory of France.
The study was cross-sectional, descriptive and exhaustive, conducted with the residents of 13 voluntary NH. Undernutrition was identified using French High Authority for Health criteria, and obesity if Body Mass Index >30, in the absence undernutrition criterion. The Mini Mental State examination scores was used for dementia assessment at the threshold of 24. The Mini Nutritional AssessmentTM was used for mobilitity assessment. The statistics were significant at the 5% threshold.
866 residents (70.6% women) included with an average age of 85.3 ± 9.3 years. Undernutrition was 27.5%, obesity 22.9%, dementia 45.7% and very low mobility 68.9%. Women were older than men, more often undernourished, more often demented and more often had very low mobility (p<0.01). Undernutrition (p<0.0001) and low mobility (p<0.0001) were significantly higher among those with dementia versus those without dementia. Very low mobility was higher among undernourished (p<0.05).
Undernutrition and obesity are important problems in NH in France. Being a woman, having dementia and having a very low mobility may induce undernutrition.
在西方国家，随着年龄的增长，健康和自主能力下降，越来越多的人在养老院（NH）接受护理。法国 NH 的营养数据仍然很差，不全面且不具代表性。本研究的目的是评估法国利穆赞地区 NH 居民的营养状况、痴呆和活动能力模式。
这是一项横断面、描述性和全面的研究，在 13 家自愿 NH 的居民中进行。采用法国卫生高级管理局的标准确定营养不良，BMI＞30 则为肥胖，不存在营养不良标准的情况下。采用 Mini Mental State 检查评分评估痴呆的临界值为 24。使用 Mini Nutritional AssessmentTM 评估活动能力。统计数据在 5%的临界值上具有统计学意义。
纳入 866 名居民（70.6%为女性），平均年龄为 85.3±9.3 岁。营养不良率为 27.5%，肥胖率为 22.9%，痴呆率为 45.7%，活动能力极低的比例为 68.9%。女性比男性年龄更大，营养不良更常见，痴呆更常见，活动能力极低更常见（p<0.01）。与无痴呆症的患者相比，痴呆症患者的营养不良（p<0.0001）和活动能力极低（p<0.0001）显著更高。营养不良者的活动能力极低的比例更高（p<0.05）。
法国 NH 中存在严重的营养不良和肥胖问题。女性、痴呆和活动能力极低可能导致营养不良。
