Department of Health Policy and Promotion, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Worcester.
Meyers Primary Care Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Reliant Medical Group, and Fallon Health, Worcester.
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2019 Nov 13;74(12):1929-1936. doi: 10.1093/gerona/gly265.
Obesity prevalence has been increasing over decades among the U.S. population. This study analyzed trends in obesity prevalence among long-stay nursing home residents from 2005 to 2015.
Data came from the Minimum Data Sets (2005-2015). The study population was limited to long-stay residents (ie, those residing in a nursing home ≥100 days in a year). Residents were stratified into body mass index (BMI)-based groups: underweight (BMI < 18.5), normal weight (18.5 ≤ BMI < 25), overweight (25 ≤ BMI < 30), and obese (BMI ≥ 30); residents with obesity were further categorized as having Class I (30 ≤ BMI < 35), Class II (35 ≤ BMI < 40), or Class III (BMI ≥ 40) obesity. Minimum Data Sets assessments for 2015 were used to compare clinical and functional characteristics across these groups.
Obesity prevalence increased from 22.4% in 2005 to 28.0% in 2015. The prevalence of Class III obesity increased from 4.0% to 6.2%. The prevalence of underweight, normal weight, and overweight decreased from 8.5% to 7.2%, from 40.3% to 37.1%, and from 28.9% to 27.8%, respectively. In 2015, compared with residents with normal weight, residents with obesity were younger, were less likely to be cognitively impaired, had high levels of mobility impairment, and were more likely to have important medical morbidities.
There was a steady upward trend in obesity prevalence among nursing home residents for 2005-2015. Medical and functional characteristics of these residents may affect the type and level of care required, putting financial and staffing pressure on nursing homes.
几十年来，美国人口中的肥胖患病率一直在上升。本研究分析了 2005 年至 2015 年长住养老院居民的肥胖患病率趋势。
数据来自最低数据集（2005-2015 年）。研究人群仅限于长期居住的居民（即，在养老院居住≥100 天/年的居民）。居民按体重指数（BMI）分组：体重不足（BMI<18.5）、正常体重（18.5≤BMI<25）、超重（25≤BMI<30）和肥胖（BMI≥30）；肥胖居民进一步分为 I 类（30≤BMI<35）、II 类（35≤BMI<40）或 III 类（BMI≥40）肥胖。使用 2015 年最低数据集评估结果比较这些组之间的临床和功能特征。
肥胖患病率从 2005 年的 22.4%上升到 2015 年的 28.0%。III 类肥胖的患病率从 4.0%上升到 6.2%。体重不足、正常体重和超重的患病率分别从 8.5%下降到 7.2%、从 40.3%下降到 37.1%、从 28.9%下降到 27.8%。2015 年，与正常体重的居民相比，肥胖居民年龄更小，认知障碍的可能性较低，移动障碍程度更高，且更有可能患有严重的医疗合并症。
2005 年至 2015 年，养老院居民的肥胖患病率呈稳步上升趋势。这些居民的医疗和功能特征可能会影响所需的护理类型和水平，给养老院带来财务和人员配置压力。
