Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy; Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy.
Vet Parasitol. 2021 Jun;294:109433. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109433. Epub 2021 Apr 22.
This review is intended to provide an overview of the occurrence and diversity of Babesia spp. in European deer. Babesiosis is an emerging vector-borne disease with negative implications on animal and public health. Cervidae are important hosts for Ixodidae ticks, playing a critical role in the epidemiology of the parasite. Deer are susceptible to different Babesia spp., some of them with zoonotic potential. The infection is usually asymptomatic with high prevalence rates, although some fatal cases due to B. capreoli and B. venatorum have been reported. In Europe, 3 main Babesia spp. have been described in deer: Babesia divergens/B. divergens-like, B. capreoli and B. venatorum. Additionally, close relatives of B. odocoilei, the Babesia species of the American white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), have been isolated in several European countries. The occurrence of B. divergens/B. divergens-like generated concerns about the role of cervidae in the life cycle of the parasite, and the potential threat for public health. Few human cases have been attributed to B. venatorum so far, including hunters. Although this species is strictly related to the presence of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), it has been occasionally reported in moose (Alces alces) and captive reindeer (Rangifer tarandus). Over recent years, vector-borne diseases received increased attention from International Organizations. However, technical difficulties persist, affecting surveillance efficiency. Given the veterinary and zoonotic importance of babesiosis, the author advocates the need for an effective monitoring at wildlife-domestic animals-humans interface and the implementation of management plans to reduce the risk of Babesia spp. infection for both humans and domestic animals.
这篇综述旨在概述欧洲鹿类中巴贝斯虫属的发生和多样性。巴贝斯虫病是一种新兴的虫媒传染病，对动物和公共卫生有负面影响。鹿科动物是硬蜱属蜱的重要宿主，在寄生虫的流行病学中起着关键作用。鹿易感染不同的巴贝斯虫属，其中一些具有人畜共患潜力。感染通常无症状，但流行率很高，尽管有报道称因感染巴贝斯虫属 capreoli 和巴贝斯虫属 venatorum 而导致的一些致命病例。在欧洲，已在鹿类中描述了 3 种主要的巴贝斯虫属：巴贝斯虫属 divergens/B. divergens 样、巴贝斯虫属 capreoli 和巴贝斯虫属 venatorum。此外，几种欧洲国家还分离到了美洲白尾鹿（Odocoileus virginianus）巴贝斯虫属的近亲。巴贝斯虫属 divergens/B. divergens 样的出现引起了人们对鹿类在寄生虫生活史中作用的关注，以及对公共卫生的潜在威胁。到目前为止，只有少数人类病例归因于巴贝斯虫属 venatorum，包括猎人。尽管该物种与狍（Capreolus capreolus）的存在密切相关，但也曾在驼鹿（Alces alces）和圈养驯鹿（Rangifer tarandus）中偶尔报告过。近年来，虫媒传染病受到国际组织的更多关注。然而，技术困难仍然存在，影响了监测效率。鉴于巴贝斯虫病的兽医和人畜共患病重要性，作者主张需要在野生动物-家畜-人类界面进行有效的监测，并实施管理计划，以降低人和家畜感染巴贝斯虫属的风险。
