Nasal septal hematoma in children: Time to diagnosis and resulting complications.

OBJECTIVES

To determine the time from initial injury to diagnosis of nasal septal hematoma (NSH). Additional objectives included determining number of medical evaluations prior to diagnosis and long-term complications.

METHODS

A retrospective chart review was performed on all patients diagnosed with NSH at a tertiary pediatric hospital between January 1, 2003 and April 1, 2019 were identified. Time to diagnosis was defined as time between initial trauma to date of diagnosis. Number of evaluations was defined as all medical evaluations prior to diagnosis.

RESULTS

Of 2762 charts that were reviewed, 13 patients with NSH were identified. Of those, 92% were male and trauma was the cause in 85% of patients. Median time to diagnosis was 7 days (0-21 days), with an average of 2.2 evaluations (1-4 evaluations). Settings where diagnosis were missed included EDs (N = 9, 82%), primary care (N = 6, 55%), urgent care (N = 1, 9%) and otolaryngology clinic (N = 2, 18%). Four patients (31%) were evaluated by an otolaryngologist in the ED. The median time to otolaryngology outpatient visit was 7.5 days. In five patients (46%), septal hematomas were missed in multiple clinical settings. Seven patients (54%) experienced complications, including saddle nose deformity (N = 3, 23%).

CONCLUSIONS

NSH is a rare but serious emergency. To avoid multiple visits and delay in diagnosis, additional education and awareness is needed for providers who evaluate these patients. Early diagnosis will reduce the risk of abscess formation and saddle nose deformity.