Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Microbiology Unit, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil.
J Mycol Med. 2021 Sep;31(3):101137. doi: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2021.101137. Epub 2021 Apr 9.
Invasive fusariosis (IF) is considered an emerging fungal disease and an important problem worldwide that increasingly affects immunocompromised individuals. There is currently concern about establishing the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship of the species Fusarium causing invasive fusariosis.
The aim of this study was to characterize the molecular profile and morphological characteristics of Fusarium species isolated from 21 patients with invasive fusariosis. Multilocus sequence typing was performed for molecular identification of the following genes: the second largest subunit of the RNA polymerase gene (RPB2) and elongation factor 1 alpha (EF-1α). The morphological features of different species were carefully described and revised by experienced mycologists.
Morphological and molecular analyses revealed that the F. solani species complex (FSSC) and F. oxysporum species complex (FOSC) were the most common species isolated from patients with invasive fusariosis; FSSC-2 h (5), FSSC-1 (2) and FOSC-183 (2) were the most frequent haplotypes. The macroscopic characterization revealed great variation in the tonalities of the FSSC colonies and particularities amongst the species in relation to the macroconidia structures, while the FOSC was more homogeneous and presented shades from white to lilac.
Our study characterized the diversity, haplotypes, and morphological aspects of Fusarium species and the haplotypes prevalent in patients with invasive fusariosis. FSSC and FSSC-2 h were the predominant species and haplotype, respectively. Although we have described interesting morphological aspects in Fusarium species, particularly haplotypes, their identification cannot rely on phenotypical aspects. Molecular biology techniques are necessary and should be introduced for routine use in mycology laboratories.
侵袭性镰刀菌病（IF）被认为是一种新兴的真菌病，也是全球范围内的一个重要问题，它越来越多地影响免疫功能低下的个体。目前人们关注的是确定引起侵袭性镰刀菌病的镰刀菌物种的遗传多样性和系统发育关系。
本研究的目的是描述从 21 例侵袭性镰刀菌病患者中分离出的镰刀菌属的分子特征和形态特征。采用多基因序列分析对以下基因进行分子鉴定：RNA 聚合酶基因的第二大亚基（RPB2）和延伸因子 1α（EF-1α）。不同种的形态特征由经验丰富的真菌学家仔细描述和修订。
形态学和分子分析表明，茄病镰刀菌物种复合体（FSSC）和尖孢镰刀菌物种复合体（FOSC）是从侵袭性镰刀菌病患者中分离出的最常见的物种；FSSC-2h（5）、FSSC-1（2）和 FOSC-183（2）是最常见的单倍型。宏观特征显示，FSSC 菌落的色调变化很大，不同种的大分生孢子结构也有特殊之处，而 FOSC 则更为均匀，颜色从白色到淡紫色不等。
本研究对镰刀菌属的多样性、单倍型和形态特征以及侵袭性镰刀菌病患者中流行的单倍型进行了描述。FSSC 和 FSSC-2h 分别是主要的种和单倍型。虽然我们描述了镰刀菌属中一些有趣的形态特征，特别是单倍型，但它们的鉴定不能仅依赖于表型特征。分子生物学技术是必要的，应引入真菌学实验室常规使用。
