College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
Arch Oral Biol. 2021 Jul;127:105133. doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105133. Epub 2021 Apr 26.
The aim of this study was to investigate the response of THP-1 monocyte-derived macrophages following exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO NPs) and microparticles (TiO MPs) in an in vitro system.
THP-1 monocytes were maintained in RPMI medium and transformed into M0 macrophages using Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). TiO particle size characterization was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) technology. A viability study using an XTT assay was performed by treating THP-1-derived macrophages with TiO NPs (<100 nm) and TiO MPs (<5 μm) at concentrations ranging from 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25 and 3.125 μg/mL. Macrophages were then treated with three different concentrations of NPs and MPs (5, 20 or 100 μg/mL) for 24 h, and ROS production and TiO particle cellular uptake were measured using ROS assays and flow cytometry, respectively.
There was no significant change in the viability of THP-1 monocytes after treatment with TiO NPs and MPs. The uptake of both particles was confirmed and showed an increase in ROS generation, and the MPs produced more ROS than NPs. The increase in ROS generation with NPs was concentration-dependent.
Uptake of TiO NPs and MPs in macrophages at subcytotoxic levels generate ROS in a size- and dose-dependent manner.
本研究旨在体外研究二氧化钛纳米颗粒（TiO NPs）和微米颗粒（TiO MPs）暴露于 THP-1 单核细胞衍生的巨噬细胞后的反应。
THP-1 单核细胞在 RPMI 培养基中培养，并使用佛波醇 12-肉豆蔻酸 13-乙酸酯（PMA）转化为 M0 巨噬细胞。使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和动态光散射（DLS）技术对 TiO 颗粒尺寸进行表征。通过用 TiO NPs（<100nm）和 TiO MPs（<5μm）处理 THP-1 衍生的巨噬细胞，用 XTT 测定法进行了细胞活力研究，浓度范围为 100、50、25、12.5、6.25 和 3.125μg/mL。然后用三种不同浓度的 NPs 和 MPs（5、20 或 100μg/mL）处理巨噬细胞 24h，使用 ROS 测定法和流式细胞术分别测量 ROS 产生和 TiO 颗粒细胞摄取。
用 TiO NPs 和 MPs 处理后，THP-1 单核细胞的活力没有明显变化。两种颗粒的摄取均得到证实，并显示 ROS 生成增加，而 MPs 产生的 ROS 多于 NPs。NPs 生成的 ROS 增加呈浓度依赖性。
在亚细胞毒性水平下，巨噬细胞中 TiO NPs 和 MPs 的摄取以大小和剂量依赖的方式产生 ROS。
