Wang Chunzai, Yao Yulong, Wang Haili, Sun Xiubao, Zheng Jiayu
State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301 China.
Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458 China.
Adv Atmos Sci. 2021;38(6):896-904. doi: 10.1007/s00376-021-1094-y. Epub 2021 Apr 26.
China experienced significant flooding in the summer of 2020 and multiple extreme cold surges during the winter of 2020/21. Additionally, the 2020 typhoon season had below average activity with especially quiet activity during the first half of the season in the western North Pacific (WNP). Sea surface temperature changes in the Pacific, Indian, and Atlantic Oceans all contributed to the heavy rainfall in China, but the Atlantic and Indian Oceans seem to have played dominant roles. Enhancement and movement of the Siberian High caused a wavier pattern in the jet stream that allowed cold polar air to reach southward, inducing cold surges in China. Large vertical wind shear and low humidity in the WNP were responsible for fewer typhoons in the first half of the typhoon season. Although it is known that global warming can increase the frequency of extreme weather and climate events, its influences on individual events still need to be quantified. Additionally, the extreme cold surge during 16-18 February 2021 in the United States shares similar mechanisms with the winter 2020/21 extreme cold surges in China.
2020年夏季中国遭受了严重洪涝灾害，2020/21年冬季出现多次极端寒潮。此外，2020年台风季活动低于平均水平，特别是在北太平洋西部台风季上半年活动尤为平静。太平洋、印度洋和大西洋的海表温度变化都对中国的强降雨有影响，但大西洋和印度洋似乎起了主导作用。西伯利亚高压的增强和移动导致急流出现更波动的模式，使得极地冷空气能够向南推进，在中国引发寒潮。北太平洋西部垂直风切变较大和湿度较低导致台风季上半年台风数量减少。尽管已知全球变暖会增加极端天气和气候事件的频率，但其对个别事件的影响仍需量化。此外，2021年2月16日至18日美国出现的极端寒潮与中国2020/21年冬季极端寒潮有相似的机制。
