Bayoumi Yasmin H, Behairy Amany, Abdallah Asmaa A, Attia Noura E
Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
Vet World. 2021 Mar;14(3):558-568. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.558-568. Epub 2021 Mar 2.
Hypocalcemia in goats occurs around the time of parturition and is caused by decreasing level of calcium less than 10 mg/dL. This investigation characterized the hematological and biochemical profiles of peri-parturient hypocalcemia in goats and study the effects of hypocalcemia on uterine involution during the postpartum period on day 0 and then weekly postpartum (day +7, +14, +21, +28, +35, till +42).
Forty-five polyparous native breed does age 3-5 years and weighing 40-60 kg were assigned to control and hypocalcemia groups based on their health history, clinical and biochemical findings. The control group included 10 clinically healthy pregnant does, and the hypocalcemia group included 35 late pregnant does that suffered from anorexia, weakness, muscle tremors of the hind limbs, and an inability to stand. Clinical examination and blood sampling in both groups were performed approximately 14 days before the expected time of kidding (day -14), at kidding day (day 0), on day +21, and +42 postpartum. Sonographic measurements were used to monitor uterine involution on day 0 and then weekly once the animal was postpartum (day +7, +14, +21, +28, +35, till +42) in both groups.
Results of sonographic measurement revealed that the hypocalcemia group had a greater (p<0.05) size of the uterus as assessed transrectally and retarded uterine involution when compared with the control group. Laboratory findings revealed that does in both groups showed lower red blood cells, packed cell volume%, and hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations on day -14 before kidding and day 0 when compared with postpartum measurements. A significant increase (p<0.05) in total leukocyte counts, neutrophil, serum glucose, and cortisol levels with a significant decrease (p<0.05) in lymphocytes. Significant decreases (p<,0.05) in serum calcium, phosphorous, vitamin D, and total antioxidant capacity levels with significant (p<,0.05) increases in serum malondialdehyde were recorded on day 0 and day -14 in the hypocalcemia group when compared with the control group.
This investigation provides evidence that hypocalcemia in does causes both metabolic and oxidative stress during peri-parturient periods while also retarding uterine involution during postpartum periods.
山羊低钙血症发生在分娩前后，由血钙水平降至低于10mg/dL所致。本研究对山羊围产期低钙血症的血液学和生化指标进行了特征分析，并研究了低钙血症对产后第0天以及产后每周（第7、14、21、28、35直至42天）子宫复旧的影响。
根据健康史、临床及生化检查结果，将45只3至5岁、体重40至60kg的经产本地品种母羊分为对照组和低钙血症组。对照组包括10只临床健康的怀孕母羊，低钙血症组包括35只怀孕后期出现厌食、虚弱、后肢肌肉震颤及无法站立的母羊。两组均在预计产羔时间前约14天（第-14天）、产羔当天（第0天）、产后第21天和第42天进行临床检查和采血。两组均在第0天以及产后动物每周（第7、14、21、28、35直至42天）使用超声测量监测子宫复旧情况。
超声测量结果显示，与对照组相比，经直肠评估低钙血症组子宫体积更大（p<0.05）且子宫复旧延迟。实验室检查结果显示，与产后测量值相比，两组母羊在产羔前第-14天和第0天的红细胞、红细胞压积%和血红蛋白（Hb）浓度均较低。两组母羊的总白细胞计数、中性粒细胞、血清葡萄糖和皮质醇水平显著升高（p<0.05），淋巴细胞显著减少（p<0.05）。与对照组相比，低钙血症组在第0天和第-14天血清钙、磷、维生素D和总抗氧化能力水平显著降低（p<0.05），血清丙二醛显著升高（p<0.05）。
本研究提供了证据表明，母羊低钙血症在围产期会导致代谢和氧化应激，同时在产后会延迟子宫复旧。
