McArt J A A, Nydam D V, Overton M W
Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
Elanco Animal Health, 2500 Innovation Way, Greenfield, IN 46140.
J Dairy Sci. 2015 Mar;98(3):2043-54. doi: 10.3168/jds.2014-8740. Epub 2015 Jan 23.
The purpose of this study was to develop a deterministic economic model to estimate the costs associated with (1) the component cost per case of hyperketonemia (HYK) and (2) the total cost per case of HYK when accounting for costs related to HYK-attributed diseases. Data from current literature was used to model the incidence and risks of HYK (defined as a blood β-hydroxybutyrate concentration≥1.2 mmol/L), displaced abomasa (DA), metritis, disease associations, milk production, culling, and reproductive outcomes. The component cost of HYK was estimated based on 1,000 calvings per year; the incidence of HYK in primiparous and multiparous animals; the percent of animals receiving clinical treatment; the direct costs of diagnostics, therapeutics, labor, and death loss; and the indirect costs of future milk production losses, future culling losses, and reproduction losses. Costs attributable to DA and metritis were estimated based on the incidence of each disease in the first 30 DIM; the number of cases of each disease attributable to HYK; the direct costs of diagnostics, therapeutics, discarded milk during treatment and the withdrawal period, veterinary service (DA only), and death loss; and the indirect costs of future milk production losses, future culling losses, and reproduction losses. The component cost per case of HYK was estimated at $134 and $111 for primiparous and multiparous animals, respectively; the average component cost per case of HYK was estimated to be $117. Thirty-four percent of the component cost of HYK was due to future reproductive losses, 26% to death loss, 26% to future milk production losses, 8% to future culling losses, 3% to therapeutics, 2% to labor, and 1% to diagnostics. The total cost per case of HYK was estimated at $375 and $256 for primiparous and multiparous animals, respectively; the average total cost per case of HYK was $289. Forty-one percent of the total cost of HYK was due to the component cost of HYK, 33% to costs attributable to metritis, and 26% to costs attributable to DA. The high total cost of HYK at reported incidences of 40 to 60% highlights the importance of appropriate transition cow nutrition and management to decrease the effect of HYK.
本研究的目的是建立一个确定性经济模型，以估计与以下两项相关的成本：（1）每例高酮血症（HYK）的组成成本；（2）考虑到与HYK归因疾病相关的成本时，每例HYK的总成本。利用当前文献中的数据对HYK（定义为血液β-羟基丁酸浓度≥1.2 mmol/L）、皱胃移位（DA）、子宫炎、疾病关联、产奶量、淘汰率和繁殖结果的发病率及风险进行建模。HYK的组成成本是基于每年1000次产犊；初产和经产动物中HYK的发病率；接受临床治疗的动物百分比；诊断、治疗、人工和死亡损失的直接成本；以及未来产奶量损失、未来淘汰损失和繁殖损失的间接成本进行估计的。归因于DA和子宫炎的成本是基于每种疾病在产后30天内的发病率；每种疾病归因于HYK的病例数；诊断、治疗、治疗期间及停药期丢弃的牛奶、兽医服务（仅DA）和死亡损失的直接成本；以及未来产奶量损失、未来淘汰损失和繁殖损失的间接成本进行估计的。初产和经产动物每例HYK的组成成本分别估计为134美元和111美元；每例HYK的平均组成成本估计为117美元。HYK组成成本的34%归因于未来的繁殖损失，26%归因于死亡损失，26%归因于未来的产奶量损失，8%归因于未来的淘汰损失，3%归因于治疗，2%归因于人工，1%归因于诊断。初产和经产动物每例HYK的总成本分别估计为375美元和256美元；每例HYK的平均总成本为289美元。HYK总成本的41%归因于HYK的组成成本，33%归因于子宫炎的成本，26%归因于DA的成本。报道的发病率为40%至60%时HYK的高总成本凸显了适当的围产母牛营养和管理对于降低HYK影响的重要性。
