Mubeen Khuram, Yonas Muhammad Waqas, Khalofah Ahlam, Ikram Rao Muhammad, Sarwar Naeem, Shehzad Muhammad, Wasaya Allah, Rehman Haseeb Ur, Yasir Tauqeer Ahmad, Aziz Mudassir, Alam Mahmood, Javeed Hafiz Muhammad Rashad, Ali Mazhar, Ali Muqarrab, Ahmad Matlob, Khaliq Abdul, Qayyum Muhammad Abdul, Ahmad Wazir, Khan Khalid Ali
Department of Agronomy, MNS University of Agriculture Multan, Pakistan.
Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.
Saudi J Biol Sci. 2021 Apr;28(4):2291-2300. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.01.023. Epub 2021 Jan 20.
To assess comparative losses of (HP) relative to other weeds, the experiment was set during consecutive summer seasons 2018 and 2019 at the Research Farm MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan. Experiment consisted three replications which were laid out under randomized complete block design. Experiment consisted of ten treatments viz: weeds free (whole season), HP free till 20 Days after emergence (DAE), HP free till 40 DAE, HP free till 60 DAE, all weeds free 20 DAE, all weeds free 40 DAE, all weeds free 60 DAE, weedy check (all weeds), weedy check except HP and weedy check containing only HP. During 2018 in all weeds weedy check, maximum HP relative density (33.33%) was observed while in 2019, plot where weeds were controlled from growing till 20 DAE showed (80%) relative density at 30 DAE. HP maximum frequency (66.67%, 77.78%) and relative frequency (66%, 100%) was recorded at 45 DAE in plots where HP was kept controlled till 20 DAE and all weeds kept controlled till 20 DAE, respectively. Maximum number of grains per cob (738, 700.68), 1000 grain weight (306.66, 271.51 g) and grain yield (6150, 8015 kg hec) were recorded in plots which were kept all weed free till 60 DAE. As the competition period of weeds increased over 40 DAE, it substantially reduced yield of maize. Keeping the plots HP free till 40 DAE in the maize fields with HP as the major dominating weed, likely increase in maize grain yield is up to 30% compared to the fields where HP left un attended throughout the growing season. However, if maize field is infested with a mix of weeds with more than one dominating weeds including HP, compared to weedy situation the whole season, 30% higher grain yield can be obtained if all weeds are kept controlled till 40 DAE. Hence it can be concluded that whether the farmers face heavy HP infestation only or the mix of weeds as dominating weeds, in either case farmer should control weeds within first 40 days in maize field for better grain yield.
为评估相对于其他杂草，（某种杂草，这里未明确写出具体名称，推测为HP）的相对损失情况，于2018年和2019年连续夏季在巴基斯坦木尔坦MNS农业大学试验农场开展了此项试验。试验设置了三个重复，采用随机完全区组设计。试验包含十种处理，即：全季无杂草、出苗后20天内无HP、出苗后40天内无HP、出苗后60天内无HP、出苗后20天内所有杂草清除、出苗后40天内所有杂草清除、出苗后60天内所有杂草清除、杂草对照（所有杂草）、除HP外的杂草对照以及仅含HP的杂草对照。2018年，在所有杂草的杂草对照中，观察到HP的相对密度最高（33.33%）；而在2019年，杂草在出苗后20天内生长受到控制的小区，在30天龄时显示出（80%）的相对密度。在HP在出苗后20天内保持受控以及所有杂草在出苗后20天内保持受控的小区中，分别在45天龄时记录到HP的最高频度（66.67%，77.78%）和相对频度（66%，100%）。在出苗后60天内所有杂草均保持清除的小区中，记录到每穗最大粒数（738，700.68）、千粒重（306.66，271.51克）和籽粒产量（6150，8015千克/公顷）。随着杂草竞争期超过40天龄，玉米产量大幅降低。在以HP为主要优势杂草的玉米田中，将小区保持HP清除至40天龄，与整个生长季HP未得到处理的田块相比，玉米籽粒产量可能提高高达30%。然而，如果玉米田受到包括HP在内的多种优势杂草混合侵染，与整个季节杂草丛生的情况相比，如果所有杂草在出苗后40天内保持受控，则籽粒产量可提高30%。因此可以得出结论，无论农民仅面临严重的HP侵染还是多种杂草混合作为优势杂草，在任何一种情况下，农民都应在玉米田的前40天内控制杂草，以获得更好的籽粒产量。
