Goldwasser Yaakov, Rabinowitz Onn, Abu-Nasser Jackline, Smirnov Evgeny, Achdary Guy, Eizenberg Hanan
Valley Farmers Center Ltd., Migdal Haemek 2310201, Israel.
Northern Research and Development, Kiryat Shmona 1101600, Israel.
Plants (Basel). 2024 Dec 25;14(1):19. doi: 10.3390/plants14010019.
L. (Aizoaceae), commonly known as desert horse purslane or black pigweed, is a C4 dicot succulent invasive annual plant that is widespread in agricultural fields in Southeast Asia, tropical America, Africa, and Australia. In Israel, is an invasive weed of increasing importance in agricultural fields, including mainly corn, tomato, alfalfa watermelon, and groundnut crops. The significance of this weed in crops has been recently reported in neighboring countries of Jordan and Egypt. In previous studies, we have examined and described the spread, biology, and germination requirements of in Israel. The present study aimed to investigate the efficiency of single pre- and post-emergence herbicides and the combination of pre-applied herbicides for the control of this invasive weed in pots in a nethouse. We conducted three sequential experiments in a nethouse: (1) screening of pre-emergence herbicides, (2) screening of post-emergence herbicides, and (3) assessment of residual activity of combined pre-emergence herbicides in three distinct Hula Valley soil types. Efficacy was evaluated through weekly assessments of seedling emergence and vigor, with the final shoot fresh weight determined upon the experiment's completion. In all experiments, weekly counts and vigor estimation of seedlings were conducted, and shoot fresh weights were determined at the end of the experiments. The results of pre-emergence herbicide screening showed that Fomesafen, Terbutryne, Flurochloridon, Sulfosulfuron, Cyrosulfamid + Izoxaflutole, and Dimethenamid were the most effective herbicides, leading to complete eradication of plants. Results of the post-emergence screening revealed that Saflufenacil, Foramsulfuron, Tembotrione + Isoxdifen-ethyl, and Rimsulfurom Methyl completely controlled the weed. In the soil residual study, three herbicide combinations (Fomesafen + Terbutryn, Sulfosulfuron + Fomesafen, and Dimethenamid + Flurochloridon) provided effective control across all soil types. These findings provide a foundation for future field trials investigating integrated pre- and post-emergence herbicide programs for management in various crops.
L.（番杏科），通常被称为沙漠马齿苋或黑猪草，是一种C4双子叶肉质一年生入侵植物，广泛分布于东南亚、热带美洲、非洲和澳大利亚的农田。在以色列，它是农田中一种日益重要的入侵杂草，主要包括玉米、番茄、苜蓿、西瓜和花生作物。最近在邻国约旦和埃及报道了这种杂草对作物的影响。在之前的研究中，我们已经研究并描述了L.在以色列的传播、生物学特性和萌发要求。本研究旨在调查单剂苗前和苗后除草剂以及预施除草剂组合对温室盆栽中这种入侵杂草的防除效果。我们在温室中进行了三个连续的实验：（1）苗前除草剂筛选，（2）苗后除草剂筛选，以及（3）评估三种不同胡拉谷土壤类型中组合苗前除草剂的残留活性。通过每周对幼苗出土和活力的评估来评价药效，实验结束时测定最终地上部鲜重。在所有实验中，每周对L.幼苗进行计数和活力评估，并在实验结束时测定地上部鲜重。苗前除草剂筛选结果表明，乙羧氟草醚、特丁津、氟咯草酮、砜嘧磺隆、环丙磺酰胺 + 异恶唑草酮以及二甲戊灵是最有效的除草剂，能导致L.植株完全根除。苗后筛选结果显示，乙氧氟草醚、唑嘧磺草胺、甲基磺草酮 + 异恶酰草胺以及甲基立枯磷能完全防除该杂草。在土壤残留研究中，三种除草剂组合（乙羧氟草醚 + 特丁津、砜嘧磺隆 + 乙羧氟草醚以及二甲戊灵 + 氟咯草酮）对所有土壤类型均提供了有效的防除效果。这些发现为未来在各种作物中研究L.防除的苗前和苗后除草剂综合方案的田间试验奠定了基础。
