Bandekar Mayuri, Maurya Dharmendra K, Sharma Deepak, Sandur Santosh K
Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085 India.
University of Mumbai, Kalina, Mumbai, 400098 India.
Curr Stem Cell Rep. 2021;7(2):85-94. doi: 10.1007/s40778-021-00188-4. Epub 2021 Apr 28.
Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) have received widespread attention from researchers owing to the remarkable benefits offered by these cells over other stem cells. The primitive nature of WJ-MSCs, ease of isolation, differentiation ability, and immuno-modulatory nature make these cells superior to bone marrow MSCs and ideal to treat various human ailments. This review explores ability of WJ-MSCs to mitigate acute radiation syndrome caused by planned or unplanned radiation exposure.
Recent reports suggest that WJ-MSCs home to damaged tissues in irradiated host and mitigate radiation induced damage to radiosensitive tissues such as hematopoietic and gastrointestinal systems. WJ-MSCs and conditioned media were found to protect mice from radiation induced mortality and also prevent radiation dermatitis. Local irradiation-induced lung toxicity in mice was significantly reduced by CXCR4 over-expressing WJ-MSCs.
Emerging evidences support safety and effectiveness of WJ-MSCs for treatment of acute radiation syndrome and lung injury after planned or accidental exposure. Additionally, conditioned media collected after culturing WJ-MSCs can also be used for mitigation of radiation dermatitis. Clinical translation of these findings would be possible after careful evaluation of resilience, effectiveness, and molecular mechanism of action of xenogeneic WJ-MSCs in non-human primates.
由于沃顿胶源性间充质干细胞（WJ-MSCs）相较于其他干细胞具有显著优势，因而受到了研究人员的广泛关注。WJ-MSCs的原始特性、易于分离、分化能力以及免疫调节特性使其优于骨髓间充质干细胞，成为治疗各种人类疾病的理想选择。本综述探讨了WJ-MSCs减轻因计划性或非计划性辐射暴露导致的急性放射综合征的能力。
近期报告表明，WJ-MSCs可归巢至受辐射宿主的受损组织，并减轻辐射对造血和胃肠道系统等放射敏感组织造成的损伤。研究发现，WJ-MSCs及其条件培养基可保护小鼠免受辐射诱导的死亡，并预防放射性皮炎。过表达CXCR4的WJ-MSCs可显著降低小鼠局部照射诱导的肺毒性。
新出现的证据支持WJ-MSCs在治疗计划性或意外暴露后的急性放射综合征和肺损伤方面的安全性和有效性。此外，培养WJ-MSCs后收集的条件培养基也可用于减轻放射性皮炎。在仔细评估异种WJ-MSCs在非人类灵长类动物中的恢复力、有效性和分子作用机制后，这些发现有望实现临床转化。
