Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Neurotox Res. 2021 Aug;39(4):1274-1284. doi: 10.1007/s12640-021-00370-w. Epub 2021 May 3.
Thimerosal (THIM) induces neurotoxic changes including neuronal death and releases apoptosis inducing factors from mitochondria to cytosol. THIM alters the expression level of factors involved in apoptosis. On the other hand, the anti-apoptotic effects of exercise have been reported. In this study, we aimed to discover the effect of three protocols of treadmill exercise on the expression level of mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), BCL-2-associated death (BAD), BCL-2-associated X (BAX), BCL-XL, and BCL-2 (a pro-survival BCL-2 protein) in the hippocampus of control and THIM-exposed rats. Male Wistar rats were used in this research. Real-time PCR was applied to assess genes expression. The results showed that THIM increased the expression of pro-apoptotic factors (BAD and BAX), decreased the expression of anti-apoptotic factors (BCL-2 and BCL-XL), and decreased the expression of factors involved in mitochondrial biogenesis (TFAM and PGC-1α). Treadmill exercise protocols reversed the effect of THIM on all genes. In addition, treadmill exercise protocols decreased the expression of BAD and BAX, increased the expression of BCL-2, and increased the expression of TFAM and PGC-1α in control rats. In conclusion, THIM induced a pro-apoptotic effect and disturbed mitochondrial biogenesis and stability, whereas treadmill exercise reversed these effects.
硫柳汞（THIM）可诱导神经毒性变化，包括神经元死亡，并将凋亡诱导因子从线粒体释放到细胞质中。THIM 改变了参与凋亡的因子的表达水平。另一方面，运动的抗凋亡作用已被报道。在这项研究中，我们旨在研究三种跑步机运动方案对对照组和 THIM 暴露组大鼠海马中线粒体转录因子 A（TFAM）、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体 γ 共激活因子-1α（PGC-1α）、B 淋巴细胞瘤-2 相关死亡（BAD）、B 淋巴细胞瘤-2 相关 X（BAX）、B 淋巴细胞瘤-2 相关 X 长（BCL-XL）和 B 淋巴细胞瘤-2（一种促进生存的 BCL-2 蛋白）表达水平的影响。本研究使用雄性 Wistar 大鼠。实时 PCR 用于评估基因表达。结果表明，THIM 增加了促凋亡因子（BAD 和 BAX）的表达，降低了抗凋亡因子（BCL-2 和 BCL-XL）的表达，并降低了线粒体生物发生相关因子（TFAM 和 PGC-1α）的表达。跑步机运动方案逆转了 THIM 对所有基因的影响。此外，跑步机运动方案降低了对照组中 BAD 和 BAX 的表达，增加了 BCL-2 的表达，并增加了 TFAM 和 PGC-1α 的表达。总之，THIM 诱导了促凋亡作用，并干扰了线粒体生物发生和稳定性，而跑步机运动则逆转了这些作用。
