地中海溢油的时空评估。
Spatial and temporal assessment of oil spills in the Mediterranean Sea.
机构信息
Department of Marine Geosciences, Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel; The Chaikin Chair for Geostrategy and Maritime Policy & Strategy Research Center, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel.
Department of Marine Geosciences, Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel.
出版信息
Mar Pollut Bull. 2021 Jun;167:112338. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112338. Epub 2021 Apr 30.
Ship-generated oil pollution is a significant threat to the Mediterranean Sea. We present a geostatistical analysis of oil spills using three databases for the Mediterranean Sea: REMPEC (1977-2000) with 385 spills (17/year), ITOPF (1970-2018) with 167 spills (3.5/year) and EMSA (2015-2017) with 2066 detections (688/year). It was found that 88% of spills reported by REMPEC occurred near coastline areas, while 65% of the spills detected by EMSA occurred within a range of 22-100 km from the coastline. At the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) level, EMSA oil spills densities were positively correlated with shipping and port activity. We conclude that there is a need to develop an open-access database of oil spills that will be based on both reports and remote sensing acquisition methods. Such a database will facilitate more efficient enforcement of international conventions in offshore areas and will increase the likelihood of effective response.
船舶油污是地中海面临的重大威胁。我们利用地中海的三个数据库（1977-2000 年的 REMPEC，有 385 起溢油事件（每年 17 起）；1970-2018 年的 ITOPF，有 167 起溢油事件（每年 3.5 起）；2015-2017 年的 EMSA，有 2066 次检测（每年 688 次））进行了溢油的地统计分析。结果表明，REMPEC 报告的溢油事件中有 88%发生在近岸地区，而 EMSA 检测到的溢油事件中有 65%发生在离海岸线 22-100 公里的范围内。在专属经济区（EEZ）层面上，EMSA 的溢油密度与航运和港口活动呈正相关。我们得出结论，有必要开发一个开放获取的溢油数据库，该数据库将基于报告和遥感采集方法。这样的数据库将有助于在近海地区更有效地执行国际公约，并增加有效应对的可能性。
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