Loughine Ltd., Kincraig, Blairs, Aberdeen AB12 5YT, United Kingdom.
R & V Hazelwood Associates LLP, Guildford GU2 8UT, United Kingdom.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2021 Apr;149(4):2782. doi: 10.1121/10.0004773.
This paper reviews the nature of substrate vibration within aquatic environments where seismic interface waves may travel along the surface of the substrate, generating high levels of particle motion. There are, however, few data on the ambient levels of particle motion close to the seabed and within the substrates of lakes and rivers. Nor is there information on the levels and the characteristics of the particle motion generated by anthropogenic sources in and on the substrate, which may have major effects upon fishes and invertebrates, all of which primarily detect particle motion. We therefore consider how to monitor substrate vibration and describe the information gained from modeling it. Unlike most acoustic modeling, we treat the substrate as a solid. Furthermore, we use a model where the substrate stiffness increases with depth but makes use of a wave that propagates with little or no dispersion. This shows the presence of higher levels of particle motion than those predicted from the acoustic pressures, and we consider the possible effects of substrate vibration upon fishes and invertebrates. We suggest that research is needed to examine the actual nature of substrate vibration and its effects upon aquatic animals.
本文回顾了水下环境中基底振动的本质，地震界面波可能沿着基底表面传播，产生高强度的粒子运动。然而，关于靠近海底和湖泊、河流基底的粒子运动的环境水平，以及人为源在基底中或之上产生的粒子运动的水平和特征，几乎没有数据。这些源可能对鱼类和无脊椎动物产生重大影响，而鱼类和无脊椎动物主要探测粒子运动。因此，我们考虑如何监测基底振动并描述从中获得的信息。与大多数声学模型不同，我们将基底视为固体。此外，我们使用一个模型，其中基底的刚度随深度增加，但使用一种传播时几乎没有或没有弥散的波。这表明存在比从声压预测的更高水平的粒子运动，我们考虑了基底振动对鱼类和无脊椎动物的可能影响。我们建议需要研究来检查基底振动的实际性质及其对水生动物的影响。
