(Sulfonylurea Receptor-1) Impact on Brain Atrophy after Traumatic Brain Injury Varies by Sex.

Females have been understudied in pre-clinical and clinical traumatic brain injury (TBI), despite distinct biology and worse clinical outcomes versus males. Sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) inhibition has shown promising results in predominantly male TBI. A phase II trial is ongoing. We investigated whether SUR1 inhibition effects on contusional TBI differ by sex given that this may inform clinical trial design and/or interpretation. We studied the moderating effects of sex on post-injury brain tissue loss in 142 male and female ATP-binding cassette transporter subfamily C member 8 () wild-type, heterozygote, and knockout mice (12-15 weeks). Monkey fibroblast-like cells and mouse brain endothelium-derived cells were used for studies. Mice were injured with controlled cortical impact and euthanized 21 days post-injury to assess contusion, brain, and hemisphere volumes (vs. genotype- and sex-matched naïves). knockout mice had smaller contusion volumes ( = 0.012) and larger normalized contralateral (right) hemisphere volumes (nRHV;  = 0.03) after injury versus wild type. This was moderated by sex: Contusions were smaller ( = 0.020), nRHV was higher ( = 0.001), and there was less global atrophy ( = 0.003) in male, but not female, knockout versus wild-type mice after TBI. Less atrophy occurred in males for each copy of lost ( = 0.023-0.002, all outcomes). , sex-determining region Y (SRY) stimulated promoter activity and increased expression. Loss of strongly protected against post-traumatic cerebral atrophy in male, but not female, mice. This may partly be mediated by SRY on the Y-chromosome. Sex differences may have important implications for ongoing and future trials of SUR1 blockade.