Søreide E, Buxrud T, Harboe S
Norwegian Air Ambulance, Central Hospital of Akershus, Nordbyhagen.
Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1988 May;32(4):339-42. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.1988.tb02740.x.
Twenty-seven patients with severe anaphylactic reactions were treated by two anesthesiologist-staffed ambulance helicopters during a 5-year period. All patients had signs of respiratory and/or circulatory failure. Cutaneous symptoms were described in 70% of the patients, gastrointestinal symptoms in 30% and central nervous symptoms in 85%. Wasp sting and drugs were the most common causes. Other etiologies were bee sting, snakebite, nuts and exercise. All patients were provided with advanced pre-hospital medical care. Epinephrine was employed in 78% of the patients. I.v. fluid therapy was started in 77%. Three patients (11%) needed endotracheal intubation. The time-span from onset of symptoms to medical attendance exceeded 45 min in two patients; both died. Of the surviving patients, 23 were hospitalized. The majority had no signs of respiratory or circulatory failure on arrival in the emergency room and needed only observation in the hospital.
在5年期间，两架配备麻醉医生的救护直升机对27例严重过敏反应患者进行了治疗。所有患者均有呼吸和/或循环衰竭的体征。70%的患者出现皮肤症状，30%出现胃肠道症状，85%出现中枢神经症状。黄蜂蜇伤和药物是最常见的病因。其他病因包括蜜蜂蜇伤、蛇咬伤、坚果和运动。所有患者均接受了高级院前医疗护理。78%的患者使用了肾上腺素。77%的患者开始进行静脉输液治疗。3例患者（11%）需要气管插管。两名患者从症状出现到接受医疗救治的时间超过了45分钟，两人均死亡。在幸存患者中，23人住院治疗。大多数患者抵达急诊室时没有呼吸或循环衰竭的体征，仅需在医院观察。
