Institute of Anatomy, Department of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
Department of Topographic Anatomy and Operative Surgery, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.
Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2021 May 19;29(4):803-810. doi: 10.1080/09273948.2021.1905856. Epub 2021 May 4.
: The meibomian glands are located in the tarsal plate of the upper and lower eyelid and are responsible for the production of a lipid-rich secretion, the meibum, which forms the outer component of the tear film. Meibomian gland dysfunction results in excessive evaporation of the tear film and is the leading cause of dry eye disease (DED). Despite the high prevalence of DED, the etiology of meibomian gland dysfunction is only basically understood. In addition, the molecular mechanisms of meibomian gland maturation and physiological function are currently the focus of research.: A systematic literature search was performed using the main scientific databases, including all relevant published articles up to September 2020.: This article provides an overview of the current state of knowledge about meibomian gland stem cells, cell surface marker expression and PPARγ signaling, as well as the pathological causes of meibomian gland dysfunction.: Androgen deficiency, hyperkeratinization, PPARγ signaling and inflammatory reactions including neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) seem to be key factors within the pathological processes of the meibomian gland.
: 睑板腺位于上下眼睑的睑板内，负责分泌富含脂质的分泌物——睑脂，它构成泪膜的外层。睑板腺功能障碍导致泪膜过度蒸发，是干眼症（DED）的主要原因。尽管 DED 的发病率很高，但睑板腺功能障碍的病因仅基本了解。此外，目前研究的重点是睑板腺成熟和生理功能的分子机制。
: 使用主要科学数据库（包括截至 2020 年 9 月的所有相关已发表文章）进行了系统文献检索。
: 本文概述了目前关于睑板腺干细胞、细胞表面标志物表达和 PPARγ 信号以及睑板腺功能障碍的病理原因的知识现状。
: 雄激素缺乏、过度角化、PPARγ 信号和包括中性粒细胞胞外陷阱（NETs）在内的炎症反应似乎是睑板腺病理过程中的关键因素。
