Nicol McKayla J, Williamson David R, Place David E, Kirimanjeswara Girish S
Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
Pathobiology Graduate Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
Microorganisms. 2021 Apr 30;9(5):973. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9050973.
( is a Gram-negative, facultative intracellular coccobacillus that is the etiological agent of tularemia. Interestingly, the disease tularemia has variable clinical presentations that are dependent upon the route of infection with . Two of the most likely routes of infection include intranasal and intradermal, which result in pneumonic and ulceroglandular tularemia, respectively. While there are several differences between these two forms of tularemia, the most notable disparity is between mortality rates: the mortality rate following pneumonic tularemia is over ten times that of the ulceroglandular disease. Understanding the differences between intradermal and intranasal infections is important not only for clinical diagnoses and treatment but also for the development of a safe and effective vaccine. However, the immune correlates of protection against , especially within the context of infection by disparate routes, are not yet fully understood. Recent advances in different animal models have revealed new insights in the complex interplay of innate and adaptive immune responses, indicating dissimilar patterns in both responses following infection with via different routes. Further investigation of these differences will be crucial to predicting disease outcomes and inducing protective immunity via vaccination or natural infection.
（是一种革兰氏阴性兼性胞内球杆菌，是兔热病的病原体。有趣的是，兔热病有多种临床表现，这取决于感染途径。两种最常见的感染途径包括经鼻和经皮，分别导致肺型兔热病和溃疡腺型兔热病。虽然这两种兔热病形式之间存在一些差异，但最显著的差异在于死亡率：肺型兔热病后的死亡率是溃疡腺型疾病的十倍以上。了解经皮和经鼻感染之间的差异不仅对临床诊断和治疗很重要，而且对开发安全有效的疫苗也很重要。然而，针对的保护性免疫相关因素，特别是在不同途径感染的情况下，尚未完全了解。不同动物模型的最新进展揭示了先天免疫和适应性免疫反应复杂相互作用的新见解，表明通过不同途径感染后两种反应的模式不同。进一步研究这些差异对于预测疾病结果以及通过疫苗接种或自然感染诱导保护性免疫至关重要。 ）
需要说明的是，原文中存在一处表述不完整（“( is a Gram-negative”括号里缺少具体菌名），以上译文是基于现有内容尽量完整准确翻译的。
