Centre National de Référence des Francisella, Département des Agents Infectieux, Institut de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, cedex 9, France; Université Grenoble Alpes and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire Adaptation et Pathogénie des Microorganismes, IMR 5163, Grenoble, France.
Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; OIE Reference Laboratory for Tularemia, Budapest, Country.
Lancet Infect Dis. 2016 Jan;16(1):113-124. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(15)00355-2.
Tularaemia is a zoonotic disease caused by Francisella tularensis, a Gram-negative, facultative intracellular bacterium. Typically, human and animal infections are caused by F tularensis subspecies tularensis (type A) strains mainly in Canada and USA, and F tularensis subspecies holarctica (type B) strains throughout the northern hemisphere, including Europe. In the past, the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic, and prognostic aspects of tularaemia reported in the English medical literature were mainly those that had been reported in the USA, where the disease was first described. Tularaemia has markedly changed in the past decade, and a large number of studies have provided novel data for the disease characteristics in Europe. In this Review we aim to emphasise the specific and variable aspects of tularaemia in different European countries. In particular, two natural lifecycles of F tularensis have been described in this continent, although not fully characterised, which are associated with different modes of transmission, clinical features, and public health burdens of tularaemia.
兔热病是一种由土拉弗朗西斯菌引起的人畜共患疾病，土拉弗朗西斯菌是一种革兰氏阴性、兼性细胞内细菌。通常，人类和动物感染主要由 A 型土拉弗朗西斯菌亚种（F tularensis subspecies tularensis）菌株引起，主要发生在加拿大和美国，而由 B 型土拉弗朗西斯菌亚种（F tularensis subspecies holarctica）菌株引起的感染则发生在整个北半球，包括欧洲。在过去，英文医学文献中报道的兔热病的流行病学、临床、治疗和预后方面主要是在美国报道的那些方面，该病最初就是在美国被描述的。在过去的十年中，兔热病发生了显著变化，大量的研究为该病在欧洲的特征提供了新的数据。在这篇综述中，我们旨在强调不同欧洲国家兔热病的具体和可变方面。特别是，本大陆已经描述了两种土拉弗朗西斯菌的自然生命周期，尽管尚未完全描述，但与不同的传播方式、临床特征和兔热病的公共卫生负担相关。
