Metabolic and Molecular Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, UMONS, 20 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium.
Human Biology and Toxicology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, UMONS, 20 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium.
Biomolecules. 2021 Apr 29;11(5):662. doi: 10.3390/biom11050662.
(1) Background: White adipose tissue (WAT) is a dynamic and plastic tissue showing high sensitivity to carbohydrate supply. In such a context, the WAT may accordingly modulate its mitochondrial metabolic activity. We previously demonstrated that a partial replacement of glucose by galactose in a culture medium of 3T3-L1 cells leads to a poorer adipogenic yield and improved global mitochondrial health. In the present study, we investigate key mitochondrial metabolic actors reflecting mitochondrial adaptation in response to different carbohydrate supplies. (2) Methods: The metabolome of 3T3-L1 cells was investigated during the differentiation process using different glucose/galactose ratios and by a targeted approach using H-NMR (Proton nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy; (3) Results: Our findings indicate a reduction of adipogenic and metabolic overload markers under the low glucose/galactose condition. In addition, a remodeling of the mitochondrial function triggers the secretion of metabolites with signaling and systemic energetical homeostasis functions. Finally, this study also sheds light on a new way to consider the mitochondrial metabolic function by considering noncarbohydrates related pathways reflecting both healthier cellular and mitochondrial adaptation mechanisms; (4) Conclusions: Different carbohydrates supplies induce deep mitochondrial metabolic and function adaptations leading to overall adipocytes function and profile remodeling during the adipogenesis.
(1) 背景：白色脂肪组织（WAT）是一种对碳水化合物供应高度敏感的动态和有弹性的组织。在这种情况下，WAT 可能相应地调节其线粒体代谢活性。我们之前的研究表明，在 3T3-L1 细胞的培养基中，用半乳糖部分替代葡萄糖会导致较差的脂肪生成产量和改善整体线粒体健康。在本研究中，我们研究了反映不同碳水化合物供应下线粒体适应的关键线粒体代谢因子。(2) 方法：使用不同的葡萄糖/半乳糖比和使用 H-NMR（质子核磁共振）光谱的靶向方法，在分化过程中研究了 3T3-L1 细胞的代谢组学；(3) 结果：我们的研究结果表明，在低糖/半乳糖条件下，脂肪生成和代谢过载标志物减少。此外，线粒体功能的重塑引发了具有信号和全身能量平衡功能的代谢物的分泌。最后，这项研究还揭示了一种通过考虑与非碳水化合物相关的途径来考虑线粒体代谢功能的新方法，这些途径反映了更健康的细胞和线粒体适应机制；(4) 结论：不同的碳水化合物供应会导致线粒体代谢和功能的深度适应，从而在脂肪生成过程中重塑整体脂肪细胞的功能和特征。
