Cohen Kristen W, Linderman Susanne L, Moodie Zoe, Czartoski Julie, Lai Lilin, Mantus Grace, Norwood Carson, Nyhoff Lindsay E, Edara Venkata Viswanadh, Floyd Katharine, De Rosa Stephen C, Ahmed Hasan, Whaley Rachael, Patel Shivan N, Prigmore Brittany, Lemos Maria P, Davis Carl W, Furth Sarah, O'Keefe James, Gharpure Mohini P, Gunisetty Sivaram, Stephens Kathy A, Antia Rustom, Zarnitsyna Veronika I, Stephens David S, Edupuganti Srilatha, Rouphael Nadine, Anderson Evan J, Mehta Aneesh K, Wrammert Jens, Suthar Mehul S, Ahmed Rafi, McElrath M Juliana
Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
medRxiv. 2021 Jun 18:2021.04.19.21255739. doi: 10.1101/2021.04.19.21255739.
Ending the COVID-19 pandemic will require long-lived immunity to SARS-CoV-2. Here, we evaluate 254 COVID-19 patients longitudinally up to eight months and find durable broad-based immune responses. SARS-CoV-2 spike binding and neutralizing antibodies exhibit a bi-phasic decay with an extended half-life of >200 days suggesting the generation of longer-lived plasma cells. SARS-CoV-2 infection also boosts antibody titers to SARS-CoV-1 and common betacoronaviruses. In addition, spike-specific IgG+ memory B cells persist, which bodes well for a rapid antibody response upon virus re-exposure or vaccination. Virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are polyfunctional and maintained with an estimated half-life of 200 days. Interestingly, CD4+ T cell responses equally target several SARS-CoV-2 proteins, whereas the CD8+ T cell responses preferentially target the nucleoprotein, highlighting the potential importance of including the nucleoprotein in future vaccines. Taken together, these results suggest that broad and effective immunity may persist long-term in recovered COVID-19 patients.
终结新冠疫情需要对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）产生持久免疫力。在此，我们对254名新冠患者进行了长达八个月的纵向评估，发现了持久的广泛免疫反应。SARS-CoV-2刺突蛋白结合抗体和中和抗体呈现双相衰减，半衰期延长至>200天，这表明产生了寿命更长的浆细胞。SARS-CoV-2感染还会提高针对SARS-CoV-1和常见β冠状病毒的抗体滴度。此外，刺突蛋白特异性IgG+记忆B细胞持续存在，这对于病毒再次暴露或接种疫苗后快速产生抗体反应是个好兆头。病毒特异性CD4+和CD8+T细胞具有多功能性，估计半衰期为200天。有趣的是，CD4+T细胞反应同等靶向几种SARS-CoV-2蛋白，而CD8+T细胞反应则优先靶向核蛋白，这突出了在未来疫苗中包含核蛋白的潜在重要性。综上所述，这些结果表明，康复的新冠患者可能长期存在广泛而有效的免疫力。
