Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, BOX 870348, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA.
Department of Psychology, Birmingham Southern College, 900 Arkadelphia Road, Box 549022, Birmingham, AL, 35254, USA.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2021 Oct;28(5):1657-1667. doi: 10.3758/s13423-021-01930-z. Epub 2021 May 4.
Metamemory is the process of monitoring and controlling one's beliefs, knowledge, and mental processes of memory. One fundamental question is whether the monitoring component of this theory should be considered as only one ability or an umbrella of more specialized abilities. In the current study, we aimed to understand the structure of metamemory monitoring by testing unitary versus specialized measurement models of metamemory. Monitoring accuracy and mean ratings from four common monitoring judgments across different stimulus presentation pairs were calculated to create latent factors for each judgment using structural equation modeling. Our results suggest that although each of the monitoring judgments was correlated with one another, monitoring may be composed of two distinct abilities: one occurring during initial presentation and one occurring at retrieval. These results can help explain prior behavioral and brain dissociations between predictions at encoding and retrieval in terms of experimental and material manipulations. We caution against the conceptualization and use of metamemory monitoring as a unitary construct.
元记忆是监控和控制一个人信念、知识和记忆心理过程的过程。一个基本问题是，该理论的监控成分是否应仅被视为一种能力，还是更专门化能力的总称。在当前研究中，我们旨在通过测试元记忆监控的单一与专门测量模型来理解元记忆监控的结构。使用结构方程模型，我们根据不同刺激呈现对的元记忆的四种常见监控判断，计算了监控准确性和平均评分，为每个判断创建潜在因素。我们的结果表明，尽管每个监控判断彼此相关，但监控可能由两个不同的能力组成：一个发生在初始呈现期间，另一个发生在检索期间。这些结果可以帮助根据实验和材料操作来解释先前关于在编码和检索时预测之间的行为和大脑分离的现象。我们警告不要将元记忆监控概念化为单一的结构。
