Mariac Cédric, Renno Jean-François, Vigouroux Yves, Mejia Eduardo, Angulo Carlos, Castro Ruiz Diana, Estivals Guillain, Nolorbe Christian, García Vasquez Aurea, Nuñez Jesus, Cochonneau Gérard, Flores Mayra, Alvarado Jhon, Vertiz José, Chota-Macuyama Werner, Sánchez Homero, Miranda Guido, Duponchelle Fabrice
DIADE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier, France.
Laboratoire Mixte International - Evolution et Domestication de l'Ichtyofaune Amazonienne (LMI - EDIA), IIAP, UAGRM, IRD, Montpellier, France.
Mol Ecol. 2022 Mar;31(6):1627-1648. doi: 10.1111/mec.15944. Epub 2021 May 24.
The Amazon basin holds the world's largest freshwater fish diversity. Information on the intensity and timing of reproductive ecology of Amazonian fish is scant. We use a metabarcoding method by capture using a single probe to quantify species-level ichthyoplankton dynamics. We sampled the Marañón and the Ucayali rivers in Peru monthly for 2 years. We identified 97 species that spawned mainly during the flood start, the flood end or the receding periods, although some species had spawning activity in more than one period. This information was new for 40 of the species in the Amazon basin and 80 species in Peru. Most species ceased spawning for a month during a strong hydrological anomaly in January 2016, demonstrating the rapidity with which they react to environmental modifications during the breeding season. We also document another unreported event in the Amazon basin, the inverse phenology of species belonging to one genus (Triportheus). Overall larval flow in the Marañón was more than twice that of the Ucayali, including for most commercial species (between two and 20 times higher), whereas the Ucayali accounts for ~80% of the fisheries landings in the region. Our results are discussed in the light of the main anthropogenic threats to fishes, hydropower dam construction and the Hidrovía Amazónica, and should serve as a pre-impact baseline.
亚马逊河流域拥有世界上最为丰富的淡水鱼种类。然而，关于亚马逊鱼类繁殖生态的强度和时间的信息却十分匮乏。我们采用一种通过单一探针捕获的宏条形码方法来量化物种水平的鱼卵及幼鱼动态。我们在秘鲁对马拉尼翁河和乌卡亚利河进行了为期两年的月度采样。我们识别出97个主要在洪水开始、洪水结束或退水期产卵的物种，不过有些物种在不止一个时期有产卵活动。这些信息对于亚马逊河流域的40个物种以及秘鲁的80个物种来说都是新的。在2016年1月的一次强烈水文异常期间，大多数物种停止产卵一个月，这表明它们在繁殖季节对环境变化的反应速度之快。我们还记录了亚马逊河流域另一个未被报道的事件，即一个属（细齿脂鲤属）的物种出现反物候现象。马拉尼翁河的幼鱼总体流量是乌卡亚利河的两倍多，包括大多数商业物种（高出两到二十倍），而乌卡亚利河的渔业产量占该地区的约80%。我们根据对鱼类的主要人为威胁、水电大坝建设和亚马逊河航道来讨论我们的结果，这些结果应作为影响前的基线。
