Braun Sebastian, Müller-Broich Jacques, Diaremes Panagiotis, Fleege Chri Stoph, Meurer Andrea
Klinik für Orthopädie (Friedrichsheim), Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Marienburgstr. 2, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland.
Orthopade. 2021 Jun;50(6):497-508. doi: 10.1007/s00132-021-04107-7. Epub 2021 May 5.
The treatment of early onset scoliosis (EOS) in children is a complex and demanding challenge in the treatment of spinal deformities. Conservative treatment with physiotherapy is indicated in mild forms with a Cobb angle from 10° and additionally a corset treatment with a Cobb angle of more than 20°. After exhaustion of the conservative measures or a progression of spinal scoliosis of 10° or deformities of more than 35°, a surgical approach should be considered in order to prevent respiratory insufficiency as well as severe postural and thoracic deformities. In situations where growth is still ongoing fusion operations can lead to stunted growth, a crankshaft phenomenon or degeneration of alignment. Meaningful alternatives to a fusion are so-called growing rods as a distraction-based nonfusion technique, e.g. traditional growing rods (TGR) and magnetically controlled growing rods (MCGR) or as a further method a vertical expandable prosthetic titanium rib (VEPTR) device. The advantages and disadvantages of each operative procedure must be considered with respect to the risk profile of each patient and the experience of the surgeon in order to guarantee the best possible treatment.
儿童早发性脊柱侧弯(EOS)的治疗是脊柱畸形治疗中一项复杂且艰巨的挑战。对于轻度病例(Cobb角为10°),建议采用物理治疗的保守治疗方法,对于Cobb角超过20°的病例,还需额外进行支具治疗。在保守治疗措施用尽或脊柱侧弯进展10°或畸形超过35°后,应考虑手术治疗,以预防呼吸功能不全以及严重的姿势和胸廓畸形。在生长仍在进行的情况下,融合手术可能导致生长发育迟缓、曲轴现象或对线退化。融合手术的有效替代方法是所谓的生长棒,这是一种基于撑开的非融合技术,例如传统生长棒(TGR)和磁控生长棒(MCGR),或者另一种方法是垂直可扩张人工钛肋(VEPTR)装置。必须根据每个患者的风险状况和外科医生的经验来考虑每种手术方法的优缺点,以确保获得最佳治疗效果。