Instituto de Ciências Sociais, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil.
Cogn Process. 2021 Nov;22(4):579-592. doi: 10.1007/s10339-021-01030-9. Epub 2021 May 5.
Humberto Maturana's biology of cognition and the studies of neuroscientist Antonio Damasio have proposed theories that indicate the role of emotion in cognitive processes. Emotion lies at the basis of any behavior. An emotional transition defines a transition from one domain of actions to the other, while emotions shared in human interaction define collective domains of action and thus also social identity. In this case, they may give rise to operational coherences within the same domain of action which is recognized as "rationality". The transition from one operational coherence to another within the same rationality does not therefore entail an emotional transition. This article uses this theoretical framework to propose an interpretation of the phenomenon of social identity and distinguishes social identities based only on emotions from those related to operational coherence. We call the former type of social identity "ontological", while the latter is referred to as "formal". To empirically prove the theoretical proposal of the article, the concept of metacontrast found in social self-categorization theory and its quantification elaborated by Alberto Voci are used. According to the social self-categorization theory, the greater the distance between two groups' visions of the world, the greater the metacontrast between them. Using our model, metacontrast must thus be greater for ontological social identity and less for formal social identity. Our hypothesis was confirmed by the data. This outcome allows huge applications of the methodology proposed, as exemplified in the final considerations.
亨伯特·马图拉纳的认知生物学和神经科学家安东尼奥·达马西奥的研究提出了一些理论，这些理论表明情绪在认知过程中起着作用。情绪是任何行为的基础。情绪的转变定义了从一个行为领域到另一个行为领域的转变，而在人类互动中分享的情绪则定义了集体行为领域，从而也定义了社会认同。在这种情况下，它们可能会在被认为是“理性”的同一行为领域内产生操作一致性。因此，从同一理性中的一个操作一致性到另一个操作一致性的转变并不需要情绪的转变。本文使用这一理论框架来解释社会认同现象，并将仅基于情绪的社会认同与与操作一致性相关的社会认同区分开来。我们称前者为“本体论”社会认同，后者称为“形式”社会认同。为了从经验上证明本文理论建议的有效性，使用了社会自我分类理论中的元对比概念及其由阿尔贝托·沃奇阐述的量化方法。根据社会自我分类理论，两个群体对世界的看法之间的距离越大，它们之间的元对比就越大。根据我们的模型，本体论社会认同的元对比必须大于形式社会认同，而形式社会认同的元对比则较小。我们的数据证实了这一假设。这一结果允许对所提出的方法进行广泛的应用，正如最后的考虑因素中所举例说明的那样。
