El-Refaei Sayed M, Russo Patrícia A, Pinna Nicola
Institut für Chemie and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2021 May 19;13(19):22077-22097. doi: 10.1021/acsami.1c02129. Epub 2021 May 6.
Hydrogen is a fuel with a potentially zero-carbon footprint viewed as a viable alternative to fossil fuels. It can be produced in a large scale via electrochemical water splitting using electricity derived from renewable sources, but this would require highly active, inexpensive, and stable hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts to replace the Pt benchmark. Transition-metal phosphides (TMPs) are potential Pt replacements owing to their generally high activity as well as versatility as HER catalysts for different pH media. This review summarizes the recent progress in the development of TMP HER electrocatalysts, focusing on the strategies that have been recently explored to tune the activity in acidic, neutral, and basic media. These strategies are the doping of TMPs with metal and nonmetal elements, fabrication of multimetallic phosphide phases, and construction of multicomponent heterostructures comprising TMPs and another component such as a different TMP or a metal oxide/hydroxide. The synthetic methods utilized to design the catalysts are also presented. Finally, the challenges still remaining and future research directions are discussed.
氢是一种具有潜在零碳足迹的燃料，被视为化石燃料的可行替代品。它可以通过使用可再生能源产生的电力进行电化学水分解大规模生产，但这需要高活性、廉价且稳定的析氢反应（HER）催化剂来取代铂基准。过渡金属磷化物（TMPs）由于其通常较高的活性以及作为不同pH介质中HER催化剂的多功能性，是铂的潜在替代品。本文综述了TMP HER电催化剂开发的最新进展，重点关注最近探索的在酸性、中性和碱性介质中调节活性的策略。这些策略包括用金属和非金属元素掺杂TMPs、制备多金属磷化物相以及构建包含TMPs和另一种组分（如不同的TMP或金属氧化物/氢氧化物）的多组分异质结构。还介绍了用于设计催化剂的合成方法。最后，讨论了仍然存在的挑战和未来的研究方向。
