Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China.
Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
Chem Soc Rev. 2016 Mar 21;45(6):1529-41. doi: 10.1039/c5cs00434a.
The urgent need of clean and renewable energy drives the exploration of effective strategies to produce molecular hydrogen. With the assistance of highly active non-noble metal electrocatalysts, electrolysis of water is becoming a promising candidate to generate pure hydrogen with low cost and high efficiency. Very recently, transition metal phosphides (TMPs) have been proven to be high performance catalysts with high activity, high stability, and nearly ∼100% Faradic efficiency in not only strong acidic solutions, but also in strong alkaline and neutral media for electrochemical hydrogen evolution. In this tutorial review, an overview of recent development of TMP nanomaterials as catalysts for hydrogen generation with high activity and stability is presented. The effects of phosphorus (P) on HER activity, and their synthetic methods of TMPs are briefly discussed. Then we will demonstrate the specific strategies to further improve the catalytic efficiency and stability of TMPs by structural engineering. Making use of TMPs as cocatalysts and catalysts in photochemical and photoelectrochemical water splitting is also discussed. Finally, some key challenges and issues which should not be ignored during the rapid development of TMPs are pointed out. These strategies and challenges of TMPs are instructive for designing other high-performance non-noble metal catalysts.
清洁能源和可再生能源的迫切需求推动了人们探索有效策略来生产氢气。在高效非贵金属电催化剂的辅助下，水电解作为一种有前途的技术，正在以低成本、高效率生产高纯氢气。最近，研究发现过渡金属磷化物（TMP）在强酸、强碱和中性介质中都具有高效、高稳定性的析氢反应（HER）性能，其法拉第效率几乎接近 100%。在这篇综述中，我们概述了 TMP 纳米材料作为高效、稳定的析氢催化剂的最新进展。简要讨论了磷（P）对 HER 活性的影响以及 TMP 的合成方法。然后，我们将展示通过结构工程进一步提高 TMP 催化效率和稳定性的具体策略。TMP 作为光化学和光电化学水分解中的共催化剂和催化剂也将进行讨论。最后，指出了在 TMP 快速发展过程中不应忽视的一些关键挑战和问题。这些 TMP 的策略和挑战对设计其他高性能非贵金属催化剂具有指导意义。
