Renner S W
Laboratory Service, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90073.
Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1988 Aug;112(8):780-6.
Immunoblotting (also known as Western blot) and dot immunobinding (also known as dot blot) immunoassays, used extensively in immunochemical research, have great potential significance for diagnostic testing in the clinical laboratory. Immunoblotting has distinct versatility in immunochemical test applications. Immunoblotting combines the power of gel electrophoresis for resolving the electrophoretic variants of immunologically cross-reacting proteins with the ease and sensitivity of immunodetection on a solid-phase immunoassay. The potential for diagnostic applications includes: assay of antigens from pathologic serum samples, body fluids, and tissue; assay of patient serum samples for antibody against known antigen; and separation and assay of patient immunoglobulin. The usefulness of these applications is enhanced by the possibility of simultaneous use of nonantibody ligand, reversible protein staining, or, in the case of enzyme proteins, the use of substrate to detect activity. Dot immunobinding, in a similar fashion, permits assays of multiple specimens simultaneously on single strips of blotting media using sample sizes as small as 0.1 microL. Also, both immunoblotting and dot immunobinding techniques permit sequential probing of antigens with different antisera, with subsequent elution and recovery of specific antibody probes.
免疫印迹法（也称为蛋白质印迹法）和斑点免疫结合法（也称为斑点印迹法）免疫测定在免疫化学研究中被广泛应用，在临床实验室诊断检测中具有巨大的潜在意义。免疫印迹法在免疫化学检测应用中具有独特的通用性。免疫印迹法将凝胶电泳分离免疫交叉反应蛋白电泳变体的能力与固相免疫测定中免疫检测的简便性和敏感性结合起来。诊断应用的潜力包括：检测病理血清样本、体液和组织中的抗原；检测患者血清样本中针对已知抗原的抗体；以及分离和检测患者免疫球蛋白。通过同时使用非抗体配体、可逆蛋白质染色，或者对于酶蛋白而言，使用底物检测活性，这些应用的实用性得到了增强。斑点免疫结合法以类似的方式，允许在单条印迹介质上同时检测多个样本，样本量小至0.1微升。此外，免疫印迹法和斑点免疫结合技术都允许用不同抗血清对抗原进行顺序探测，随后洗脱并回收特异性抗体探针。
