Nwogu Chidiadi, Musyoka Johnny, Gathenji Carolyne, Nzunza Rosemary, Onuekwusi Iheoma, Okeibunor Joseph, Mkanda Pascal, Shukla Hemant, Kabir Shaikh Humayun, Okiror Sam O
WHO Horn of Africa Coordination Office (HOA), Nairobi Kenya.
Ministry of Health (MoH), Nairobi, Kenya.
J Immunol Sci. 2021 Apr 2;Spec Issue(2):1103. doi: 10.29245/2578-3009/2021/S2.1103.
Globally, tremendous improvement has been made in Polio eradication since its inception in 1988. For the third time in a decade, Kenya has experienced a Polio outbreak along the border with Somalia. The affected areas were in Garissa County, replete with previous occurrences in 2006 and 2012. This article, give an account of series of events and activities that were used to stop the transmission within 13 weeks, an interval between the first and the last case of the 2013 outbreak.
In an attempt to stop further transmission and time bound closure of the outbreak, many activities were brought to fore: the known traditional methods, innovative approaches, improved finances and surge capacity. These assisted in case detection, implementation, and coordination of activities. The external outbreak assessments and the six-monthly technical advisory group recommendations were also employed.
There were increased case detections of >=2/100,000, stool adequacy >=80%, due to enhanced surveillance, timely feedbacks from laboratory investigation and diagnosis. Sustained coverage in supplemental immunisation of > 90%, ensured that immune profile of >=3 polio vaccine doses was quickly attained to protect the targeted population, prevent further polio infection and eventual reduction of cases coming up with paralysis.
Overall, the outbreak was stopped within the 120 days of the first case using 14 rounds of supplemental immunisation activities.
自1988年发起全球根除脊髓灰质炎行动以来，已取得了巨大进展。肯尼亚在十年内第三次在与索马里接壤的边境地区经历了脊髓灰质炎疫情。受影响地区位于加里萨县，此前在2006年和2012年也曾出现过疫情。本文介绍了在2013年疫情的首例病例和最后一例病例之间的13周内用于阻止传播的一系列事件和活动。
为了阻止进一步传播并在规定时间内控制疫情，开展了许多活动：采用了已知的传统方法、创新方法、改善了资金状况并增强了应对能力。这些活动有助于病例检测、活动实施和协调。还采用了外部疫情评估和每六个月一次的技术咨询小组建议。
由于加强了监测、实验室调查和诊断的及时反馈，病例检测率提高到≥2/10万，粪便样本充足率≥80%。补充免疫接种的持续覆盖率>90%，确保迅速达到≥3剂脊髓灰质炎疫苗的免疫水平，以保护目标人群，预防进一步的脊髓灰质炎感染并最终减少出现瘫痪症状的病例。
总体而言，通过14轮补充免疫接种活动，在首例病例出现后的120天内控制住了疫情。
