Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
J Biomech Eng. 2021 Oct 1;143(10). doi: 10.1115/1.4051047.
Blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) is a rising health concern of soldiers deployed in modern-day military conflicts. For bTBI, blast wave loading is a cause, and damage incurred to brain tissue is the effect. There are several proposed mechanisms for the bTBI, such as direct cranial entry, skull flexure, thoracic compression, blast-induced acceleration, and cavitation that are not mutually exclusive. So the cause-effect relationship is not straightforward. The efficiency of protective headgears against blast waves is relatively unknown as compared with other threats. Proper knowledge about standard problem space, underlying mechanisms, blast reconstruction techniques, and biomechanical models are essential for protective headgear design and evaluation. Various researchers from cross disciplines analyze bTBI from different perspectives. From the biomedical perspective, the physiological response, neuropathology, injury scales, and even the molecular level and cellular level changes incurred during injury are essential. From a combat protective gear designer perspective, the spatial and temporal variation of mechanical correlates of brain injury such as surface overpressure, acceleration, tissue-level stresses, and strains are essential. This paper outlines the key inferences from bTBI studies that are essential in the protective headgear design context.
爆炸所致创伤性脑损伤（bTBI）是现代军事冲突中部署士兵日益关注的健康问题。对于 bTBI，爆炸波加载是原因，而脑组织受损是结果。有几种 bTBI 的发生机制被提出，如直接颅骨进入、颅骨弯曲、胸部压缩、爆炸引起的加速度和空化，这些机制并非相互排斥。因此，因果关系并不直接。与其他威胁相比，防护头盔对爆炸波的防护效率相对未知。适当了解标准问题空间、潜在机制、爆炸重建技术和生物力学模型对于防护头盔的设计和评估至关重要。来自不同学科的各种研究人员从不同角度分析 bTBI。从生物医学角度来看，损伤过程中发生的生理反应、神经病理学、损伤程度，甚至分子和细胞水平的变化都是至关重要的。从战斗防护装备设计师的角度来看，脑损伤的力学相关性的时空变化，如表面超压、加速度、组织级别的应力和应变，都是至关重要的。本文概述了在防护头盔设计背景下，bTBI 研究中的关键推断。
