Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France.
Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Molekulare Physikalische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
Chem Soc Rev. 2021 Jun 21;50(12):7062-7107. doi: 10.1039/d1cs00194a.
Fluorescent nucleoside analogues (FNAs) are structurally diverse mimics of the natural essentially non-fluorescent nucleosides which have found numerous applications in probing the structure and dynamics of nucleic acids as well as their interactions with various biomolecules. In order to minimize disturbance in the labelled nucleic acid sequences, the FNA chromophoric groups should resemble the natural nucleobases in size and hydrogen-bonding patterns. Isomorphic and expanded FNAs are the two groups that best meet the criteria of non-perturbing fluorescent labels for DNA and RNA. Significant progress has been made over the past decades in understanding the fundamental photophysics that governs the spectroscopic and environmentally sensitive properties of these FNAs. Herein, we review recent advances in the spectroscopic and computational studies of selected isomorphic and expanded FNAs. We also show how this information can be used as a rational basis to design new FNAs, select appropriate sequences for optimal spectroscopic response and interpret fluorescence data in FNA applications.
荧光核苷类似物 (FNAs) 是天然非荧光核苷的结构多样的模拟物，在探测核酸的结构和动态以及它们与各种生物分子的相互作用方面有许多应用。为了最小化标记核酸序列的干扰，FNA 的发色团应在大小和氢键模式上类似于天然核碱基。同晶和扩展 FNAs 是最符合 DNA 和 RNA 非干扰荧光标记标准的两组。在过去几十年中，人们在理解控制这些 FNAs 的光谱和环境敏感性质的基本光物理方面取得了重大进展。在此，我们综述了选定的同晶和扩展 FNAs 的光谱和计算研究的最新进展。我们还展示了如何将这些信息用作设计新的 FNAs、为最佳光谱响应选择适当序列以及解释 FNA 应用中荧光数据的合理依据。
