Wolfgang M E
Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104.
Bull Am Acad Psychiatry Law. 1988;16(2):111-21.
This paper traces the history of two models that have been influential in shaping modern views toward criminals. One of these two--the medical model--is based on the concept of rehabilitation, that is, treatment predicated on the attributes of the offender. The second of these two--the just deserts model--centers on retribution, that is, punishment deserved for the seriousness of the crime. Each model has been dominant in various periods of history.
本文追溯了两种对塑造现代罪犯观有影响力的模型的历史。这两种模型中的一种——医学模型——基于改造的概念，也就是说，根据罪犯的特质进行治疗。这两种模型中的另一种——应得惩罚模型——以报应论为核心，也就是说，根据罪行的严重程度给予相应的惩罚。每种模型在不同的历史时期都占据主导地位。
